# 8 Unix Specific Services

The modules described in this chapter provide interfaces to features that are unique to the Unix operating system, or in some cases to some or many variants of it. Here's an overview:

posix
  -- The most common Posix system calls (normally used via module `os`).

posixpath
  -- Common Posix pathname manipulations (normally used via `os.path`).

pwd
  -- The password database (`getpwnam()` and friends).

grp
  -- The group database (`getgrnam()` and friends).

crypt
  -- The `crypt()` function used to check Unix passwords.

dbm
  -- The standard ``database'' interface, based on `ndbm`.

gdbm
  -- GNU's reinterpretation of dbm.

termios
  -- Posix style tty control.

TERMIOS
  -- The symbolic constants required to use the `termios` module.

fcntl
  -- The `fcntl()` and `ioctl()` system calls.

posixfile
  -- A file-like object with support for locking.

resource
  -- An interface to provide resource usage information on the current process.

syslog
  -- An interface to the Unix `syslog` library routines.

- 8.1 Built-in Module `posix`
- 8.2 Standard Module `posixpath`
- 8.3 Built-in Module `pwd`
- 8.4 Built-in Module `grp`
- 8.5 Built-in Module `crypt`
- 8.6 Built-in Module `dbm`
- 8.7 Built-in Module `gdbm`
- 8.8 Built-in Module `termios`
  - 8.8.1 Example
- 8.9 Standard Module `TERMIOS`
- 8.10 Built-in Module `fcntl`
- 8.11 Standard Module `posixfile`
- 8.12 Built-in Module `resource`
  - 8.12.1 Resource Limits
  - 8.12.2 Resource Usage
- 8.13 Built-in Module `syslog`
- 8.14 Standard Module `stat`
- 8.15 Standard Module `commands`