## 11.11.1 The Formatter Interface

Interfaces to create formatters are dependent on the specific formatter class being instantiated. The interfaces described below are the required interfaces which all formatters must support once initialized.

One data element is defined at the module level:

`AS_IS`
  Value which can be used in the font specification passed to the `push_font()` method described below, or as the new value to any other `push_property()` method. Pushing the `AS_IS` value allows the corresponding `pop_property()` method to be called without having to track whether the property was changed.

The following attributes are defined for formatter instance objects:

`writer`
  The writer instance with which the formatter interacts.

`end_paragraph` (blanklines)
  Close any open paragraphs and insert at least `blanklines` before the next paragraph.

`add_line_break` ()
  Add a hard line break if one does not already exist. This does not break the logical paragraph.

`add_hor_rule` (*args, **kw)
  Insert a horizontal rule in the output. A hard break is inserted if there is data in the current paragraph, but the logical paragraph is not broken. The arguments and keywords are passed on to the writer's `send_line_break()` method.

`add_flowing_data` (data)
  Provide data which should be formatted with collapsed whitespaces. Whitespace from preceeding and successive calls to `add_flowing_data()` is considered as well when the whitespace collapse is performed. The data which is passed to this method is expected to be word-wrapped by the output device. Note that any word-wrapping still must be performed by the writer object due to the need to rely on device and font information.

`add_literal_data` (data)
  Provide data which should be passed to the writer unchanged. Whitespace, including newline and tab characters, are considered legal in the value of `data`.

`add_label_data` (format, counter)
  Insert a label which should be placed to the left of the current left margin. This should be used for constructing bulleted or numbered lists. If the `format` value is a string, it is interpreted as a format specification for `counter`, which should be an integer. The result of this formatting becomes the value of the label; if `format` is not a string it is used as the label value directly. The label value is passed as the only argument to the writer's `send_label_data()` method. Interpretation of non-string label values is dependent on the associated writer.

  Format specifications are strings which, in combination with a counter value, are used to compute label values. Each character in the format string is copied to the label value, with some characters recognized to indicate a transform on the counter value. Specifically, the character ```1`'' represents the counter value formatter as an arabic number, the characters ```A`'' and ```a`'' represent alphabetic representations of the counter value in upper and lower case, respectively, and ```I`'' and ```i`'' represent the counter value in Roman numerals, in upper and lower case. Note that the alphabetic and roman transforms require that the counter value be greater than zero.

`flush_softspace` ()
  Send any pending whitespace buffered from a previous call to `add_flowing_data()` to the associated writer object. This should be called before any direct manipulation of the writer object.

`push_alignment` (align)
  Push a new alignment setting onto the alignment stack. This may be `AS_IS` if no change is desired. If the alignment value is changed from the previous setting, the writer's `new_alignment()` method is called with the `align` value.

`pop_alignment` ()
  Restore the previous alignment.

`push_font` ((size, italic, bold, teletype))
  Change some or all font properties of the writer object. Properties which are not set to `AS_IS` are set to the values passed in while others are maintained at their current settings. The writer's `new_font()` method is called with the fully resolved font specification.

`pop_font` ()
  Restore the previous font.

`push_margin` (margin)
  Increase the number of left margin indentations by one, associating the logical tag `margin` with the new indentation. The initial margin level is `0`. Changed values of the logical tag must be true values; false values other than `AS_IS` are not sufficient to change the margin.

`pop_margin` ()
  Restore the previous margin.

`push_style` (*styles)
  Push any number of arbitrary style specifications. All styles are pushed onto the styles stack in order. A tuple representing the entire stack, including `AS_IS` values, is passed to the writer's `new_styles()` method.

`pop_style` ([n`= 1`])
  Pop the last `n` style specifications passed to `push_style()`. A tuple representing the revised stack, including `AS_IS` values, is passed to the writer's `new_styles()` method.

`set_spacing` (spacing)
  Set the spacing style for the writer.

`assert_line_data` ([flag`= 1`])
  Inform the formatter that data has been added to the current paragraph out-of-band. This should be used when the writer has been manipulated directly. The optional `flag` argument can be set to false if the writer manipulations produced a hard line break at the end of the output.