# 8 Abstract Objects Layer

The functions in this chapter interact with Python objects regardless of their type, or with wide classes of object types (e.g. all numerical types, or all sequence types). When used on object types for which they do not apply, they will flag a Python exception.

- 8.1 Object Protocol
- 8.2 Number Protocol
- 8.3 Sequence protocol
- 8.4 Mapping protocol
- 8.5 Constructors