XmText(3X)
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## Name

XmText(3X) — XmText--The Text widget class XmTextwidget class

## Synopsis

#include <Xm/Text.h>

## DESCRIPTION

Text provides a single-line and multiline text editor for customizing both user and programmatic interfaces. It can be used for single-line string entry, forms entry with verification procedures, and full-window editing. It provides an application with a consistent editing system for textual data. The screen's textual data adjusts to the application writer's needs.

Text provides separate callback lists to verify movement of the insert cursor, modification of the text, and changes in input focus. Each of these callbacks provides the verification function with the widget instance, the event that caused the callback, and a data structure specific to the verification type. From this information the function can verify if the application considers this to be a legitimate state change and can signal the widget whether to continue with the action.

The user interface tailors a new set of translations. The default translations provide key bindings for insert cursor movement, deletion, insertion, and selection of text.

Text allows the user to select regions of text. Selection is based on the model specified in the `Inter-Client Communication Conventions Manual` (ICCCM). Text supports primary and secondary selection.

### Mouse Selection

The Text widget allows text to be edited, inserted, and selected. The user can cut, copy, and paste text using the clipboard, primary transfer, or secondary transfer. Text also provides a Drag and Drop facility that enables the user to copy or move data within Text or to a different widget. When keyboard focus policy is set to EXPLICIT, the widget that receives focus is the destination widget. In POINTER mode, any keyboard or mouse operation (except secondary selection) in an editable widget establishes that widget as the destination.

If a destination widget becomes insensitive or uneditable, it forfeits its destination status. In EXPLICIT mode, when a widget becomes insensitive, the focus moves to another widget. If that widget is editable, it becomes the destination widget; otherwise, there is no destination widget. The text of any insensitive Text widget is stippled, indicating its state to the user.

The insertion cursor, displayed as an I-beam, shows where input is inserted. Input is inserted just before the insertion cursor.

### Classes

Text inherits behavior and resources from Core and Primitive classes.

The class pointer is xmTextWidgetClass.

The class name is XmText.

### New Resources

The following table defines a set of widget resources used by the programmer to specify data. The programmer can also set the resource values for the inherited classes to set attributes for this widget. To reference a resource by name or by class in a .Xdefaults file, remove the XmN or XmC prefix and use the remaining letters. To specify one of the defined values for a resource in a .Xdefaults file, remove the Xm prefix and use the remaining letters (in either lowercase or uppercase, but include any underscores between words). The codes in the access column indicate if the given resource can be set at creation time (C), set by using XtSetValues (S), retrieved by using XtGetValues (G), or is not applicable (N/A).

Name | Class | Type | Default | Access
XmNactivateCallback | XmCCallback | XtCallbackList | NULL | C
XmNautoShowCursorPosition | XmCAutoShowCursorPosition | Boolean | True | CSG
XmNcursorPosition | XmCCursorPosition | XmTextPosition | 0 | CSG
XmNeditable | XmCEditable | Boolean | True | CSG
XmNeditMode | XmCEditMode | int | XmSINGLE_LINE_EDIT | CSG
XmNfocusCallback | XmCCallback | XtCallbackList | NULL | C
XmNgainPrimaryCallback | XmCCallback | XtCallbackList | NULL | C
XmNlosePrimaryCallback | XmCCallback | XtCallbackList | NULL | C
XmNlosingFocusCallback | XmCCallback | XtCallbackList | NULL | C
XmNmarginHeight | XmCMarginHeight | Dimension | 5 | CSG
XmNmarginWidth | XmCMarginWidth | Dimension | 5 | CSG
XmNmaxLength | XmCMaxLength | int | largest integer | CSG
XmNmodifyVerifyCallback | XmCCallback | XtCallbackList | NULL | C
XmNmodifyVerifyCallbackWcs | XmCCallback | XtCallbackList | NULL | C
XmNmotionVerifyCallback | XmCCallback | XtCallbackList | NULL | C
XmNsource | XmCSource | XmTextSource | Default source | CSG
XmNtopCharacter | XmCTextPosition | XmTextPosition | 0 | CSG
XmNvalue | XmCValue | String | "" | CSG
XmNvalueChangedCallback | XmCCallback | XtCallbackList | NULL | C
XmNvalueWcs | XmCvalueWcs | wchar_t * | (wchar_t *)"" | CSG1
XmNverifyBell | XmCVerifyBell | Boolean | dynamic | CSG

XmNactivateCallback |  | Specifies the list of callbacks that is called when the user invokes an event that calls the Activate() function. The type of the structure whose address is passed to this callback is XmAnyCallbackStruct. The reason sent by the callback is XmCR_ACTIVATE.
XmNautoShowCursorPosition |  | Ensures that the visible text contains the insert cursor when set to True. If the insert cursor changes, the contents of Text may scroll in order to bring the insertion point into the window.
XmNcursorPosition |  | Indicates the position in the text where the current insert cursor is to be located. Position is determined by the number of characters from the beginning of the text. The first character position is 0.
XmNeditable |  | Indicates that the user can edit the text string when set to True. Prohibits the user from editing the text when set to False.
XmNeditMode |  | Specifies the set of keyboard bindings used in Text. The default keyboard bindings (XmSINGLE_LINE_EDIT) provides the set of key bindings to be used in editing single-line text. The multiline bindings (XmMULTI_LINE_EDIT) provides the set of key bindings to be used in editing multiline text. The results of placing a Text widget inside a ScrolledWindow when the Text's XmNeditMode is XmSINGLE_LINE_EDIT are undefined.
XmNfocusCallback |  | Specifies the list of callbacks called when Text accepts input focus. The type of the structure whose address is passed to this callback is XmAnyCallbackStruct. The reason sent by the callback is XmCR_FOCUS.
XmNgainPrimaryCallback |  | Specifies the list of callbacks called when an event causes the Text widget to gain ownership of the primary selection. The reason sent by the callback is XmCR_GAIN_PRIMARY.
XmNlosePrimaryCallback |  | Specifies the list of callbacks called when an event causes the Text widget to lose ownership of the primary selection. The reason sent by the callback is XmCR_LOSE_PRIMARY.
XmNlosingFocusCallback |  | Specifies the list of callbacks called before Text loses input focus. The type of the structure whose address is passed to this callback is XmTextVerifyCallbackStruct. The reason sent by the callback is XmCR_LOSING_FOCUS.
XmNmarginHeight |  | Specifies the distance between the top edge of the widget window and the text, and between the bottom edge of the widget window and the text.
XmNmarginWidth |  | Specifies the distance between the left edge of the widget window and the text, and between the right edge of the widget window and the text.
XmNmaxLength |  | Specifies the maximum length of the text string that can be entered into text from the keyboard. This value must be non-negative. Strings that are entered using the XmNvalue resource or the XmTextSetString function ignore this resource.
XmNmodifyVerifyCallback |  | Specifies the list of callbacks called before text is deleted from or inserted into Text. The type of the structure whose address is passed to this callback is XmTextVerifyCallbackStruct. The reason sent by the callback is XmCR_MODIFYING_TEXT_VALUE. When multiple Text widgets share the same source, only the widget that initiates the source change will generate the XmNmodifyVerifyCallback. If both XmNmodifyVerifyCallback and XmNmodifyVerifyCallbackWcs are registered callback lists, the procedure(s) in the XmNmodifyVerifyCallback list are always executed first; and the resulting data, which may have been modified, is passed to the XmNmodifyVerifyCallbackWcs callback routines.
XmNmodifyVerifyCallbackWcs |  | Specifies the list of callbacks called before text is deleted from or inserted into Text. The type of the structure whose address is passed to this callback is XmTextVerifyCallbackStructWcs. The reason sent by the callback is XmCR_MODIFYING_TEXT_VALUE. When multiple Text widgets share the same source, only the widget that initiates the source change will generate the XmNmodifyVerifyCallbackWcs. If both XmNmodifyVerifyCallback and XmNmodifyVerifyCallbackWcs are registered callback lists, the procedure(s) in the XmNmodifyVerifyCallback list are always executed first; and the resulting data, which may have been modified, is passed to the XmNmodifyVerifyCallbackWcs callback routines.
XmNmotionVerifyCallback |  | Specifies the list of callbacks called before the insert cursor is moved to a new position. The type of the structure whose address is passed to this callback is XmTextVerifyCallbackStruct. The reason sent by the callback is XmCR_MOVING_INSERT_CURSOR. It is possible for more than one XmNmotionVerifyCallbacks to be generated from a single action.
XmNsource |  | Specifies the source with which the widget displays text. If no source is specified, the widget creates a default string source. This resource can be used to share text sources between Text widgets.
XmNtopCharacter |  | Displays the position of text at the top of the window. Position is determined by the number of characters from the beginning of the text. The first character position is 0. If the XmNeditMode is XmMULTI_LINE_EDIT, the line of text that contains the top character is displayed at the top of the widget without shifting the text left or right. XtGetValues for XmNtopCharacter returns the position of the first character in the line that is displayed at the top of the widget.
XmNvalue |  | Specifies the string value of the Text widget as a char* data value. XmNvalue and XmNvalueWcs are both defined, the value of XmNvalueWcs supersedes that of XmNvalue. XtGetValues returns a copy of the value of the internal buffer and XtSetValues copies the string values into the internal buffer.
XmNvalueChangedCallback |  | Specifies the list of callbacks called after text is deleted from or inserted into Text. The type of the structure whose address is passed to this callback is XmAnyCallbackStruct. The reason sent by the callback is XmCR_VALUE_CHANGED. When multiple Text widgets share the same source, only the widget that initiates the source change will generate the XmNvalueChangedCallback. This callback represents a change in the source in the Text, not in the Text widget. The XmNvalueChangedCallback should occur only in pairs with a XmNmodifyVerifyCallback, assuming that the `doit` flag in the callback structure of the XmNmodifyVerifyCallback is not set to False.
XmNvalueWcs |  | Specifies the string value of the Text widget as a wchar_t* data value. This resource cannot be specified in a resource file. If XmNvalue and XmNvalueWcs are both defined, the value of XmNvalueWcs supersedes that of XmNvalue. XtGetValues returns a copy of the value of the internal buffer encoded as a wide character string. XtSetValues copies the value of the wide character string into the internal buffer.
XmNverifyBell |  | Specifies whether the bell should sound when the verification returns without continuing the action. The default depends on the value of the ancestor VendorShell's XmNaudibleWarning resource.

Name | Class | Type | Default | Access
XmNpendingDelete | XmCPendingDelete | Boolean | True | CSG
XmNselectionArray | XmCSelectionArray | XtPointer | default array | CSG
XmNselectionArrayCount | XmCSelectionArrayCount | int | 4 | CSG
XmNselectThreshold | XmCSelectThreshold | int | 5 | CSG

XmNpendingDelete |  | Indicates that pending delete mode is on when the Boolean value is True. Pending deletion is defined as deletion of the selected text when an insertion is made.
XmNselectionArray |  | Defines the actions for multiple mouse clicks. The value of the resource is an array of XmTextScanType elements. XmTextScanType is an enumeration indicating possible actions. Each mouse click performed within half a second of the previous mouse click increments the index into this array and performs the defined action for that index. The possible actions in the order they occur in the default array are: XmSELECT_POSITION--resets the insert cursor position XmSELECT_WORD--selects a word XmSELECT_LINE--selects a line of text XmSELECT_ALL--selects all of the text
XmNselectionArrayCount |  | Indicates the number of elements in the XmNselectionArray resource. The value must not be negative.
XmNselectThreshold |  | Specifies the number of pixels of motion that is required to select the next character when selection is performed using the click-drag mode of selection. The value must not be negative.

Name | Class | Type | Default | Access
XmNblinkRate | XmCBlinkRate | int | 500 | CSG
XmNcolumns | XmCColumns | short | dynamic | CSG
XmNcursorPositionVisible | XmCCursorPositionVisible | Boolean | True | CSG
XmNfontList | XmCFontList | XmFontList | dynamic | CSG
XmNresizeHeight | XmCResizeHeight | Boolean | False | CSG
XmNresizeWidth | XmCResizeWidth | Boolean | False | CSG
XmNrows | XmCRows | short | dynamic | CSG
XmNwordWrap | XmCWordWrap | Boolean | False | CSG

XmNblinkRate |  | Specifies the blink rate of the text cursor in milliseconds. The time indicated in the blink rate relates to the time the cursor is visible and the time the cursor is invisible (that is, the time it takes to blink the insertion cursor on and off is twice the blink rate). The cursor does not blink when the blink rate is set to zero. The value must not be negative.
XmNcolumns |  | Specifies the initial width of the text window as an integer number of characters. The width equals the number of characters specified by this resource multiplied by the maximum character width of the associated font. For proportionate fonts, the actual number of characters that fit on a given line may be greater than the value specified. The value must be greater than 0. The default value depends on the value of the XmNwidth resource. If no width is specified the default is 20.
XmNcursorPositionVisible |  | Indicates that the insert cursor position is marked by a blinking text cursor when the Boolean value is True.
XmNfontList |  | Specifies the font list to be used for Text. If this value is NULL at initialization, the font list is initialized by looking up the parent hierarchy of the widget for an ancestor that is a subclass of the XmBulletinBoard or VendorShell widget class. If such an ancestor is found, the font list is initialized to the XmNtextFontList of the ancestor widget. If no such ancestor is found, the default is implementation dependent. Text searches the font list for the first occurrence of a font set that has a XmFONTLIST_DEFAULT_TAG. If a default element is not found, the first font set in the font list is used. If the list contains no font sets, the first font in the font list will be used. Refer to XmFontList(3X) for more information on a font list structure.
XmNresizeHeight |  | Indicates that Text attempts to resize its height to accommodate all the text contained in the widget when the Boolean value is True. If the Boolean value is set to True, the text is always displayed starting from the first position in the source, even if instructed otherwise. This attribute is ignored when the application uses a ScrolledText widget and when XmNscrollVertical is True.
XmNresizeWidth |  | Indicates that Text attempts to resize its width to accommodate all the text contained in the widget when the Boolean value is True. This attribute is ignored if XmNwordWrap is True.
XmNrows |  | Specifies the initial height of the text window measured in character heights. This attribute is ignored if the text widget resource XmNeditMode is XmSINGLE_LINE_EDIT. The value must be greater than 0. The default value depends on the value of the XmNheight resource. If no height is specified the default is 1.
XmNwordWrap |  | Indicates that lines are to be broken at word breaks (that is, the text does not go off the right edge of the window) when the Boolean value is True. Words are defined as a sequence of characters separated by white space. White space is defined as a space, tab, or newline. This attribute is ignored if the text widget resource XmNeditMode is XmSINGLE_LINE_EDIT. The following resources are used only when text is created in a ScrolledWindow. See the man page for XmCreateScrolledText.

Name | Class | Type | Default | Access
XmNscrollHorizontal | XmCScroll | Boolean | True | CG
XmNscrollLeftSide | XmCScrollSide | Boolean | dynamic | CG
XmNscrollTopSide | XmCScrollSide | Boolean | False | CG
XmNscrollVertical | XmCScroll | Boolean | True | CG

XmNscrollHorizontal |  | Adds a ScrollBar that allows the user to scroll horizontally through text when the Boolean value is True. This resource is forced to False when the Text widget is placed in a ScrolledWindow with XmNscrollingPolicy set to XmAUTOMATIC.
XmNscrollLeftSide |  | Indicates that the vertical ScrollBar should be placed on the left side of the scrolled text window when the Boolean value is True. This attribute is ignored if XmNscrollVertical is False or the Text resource XmNeditMode is XmSINGLE_LINE_EDIT. The default value may depend on the value of the XmNstringDirection resource.
XmNscrollTopSide |  | Indicates that the horizontal ScrollBar should be placed on the top side of the scrolled text window when the Boolean value is True.
XmNscrollVertical |  | Adds a ScrollBar that allows the user to scroll vertically through text when the Boolean value is True. This attribute is ignored if the Text resource XmNeditMode is XmSINGLE_LINE_EDIT. This resource is forced to False when the Text widget is placed in a ScrolledWindow with XmNscrollingPolicy set to XmAUTOMATIC.

### Inherited Resources

Text inherits behavior and resources from the following superclasses. For a complete description of each resource, refer to the man page for that superclass.

Name | Class | Type | Default | Access
XmNbottomShadowColor | XmCBottomShadowColor | Pixel | dynamic | CSG
XmNbottomShadowPixmap | XmCBottomShadowPixmap | Pixmap | XmUNSPECIFIED_PIXMAP | CSG
XmNforeground | XmCForeground | Pixel | dynamic | CSG
XmNhelpCallback | XmCCallback | XtCallbackList | NULL | C
XmNhighlightColor | XmCHighlightColor | Pixel | dynamic | CSG
XmNhighlightOnEnter | XmCHighlightOnEnter | Boolean | False | CSG
XmNhighlightPixmap | XmCHighlightPixmap | Pixmap | dynamic | CSG
XmNhighlightThickness | XmCHighlightThickness | Dimension | 2 | CSG
XmNnavigationType | XmCNavigationType | XmNavigationType | XmTAB_GROUP | CSG
XmNshadowThickness | XmCShadowThickness | Dimension | 2 | CSG
XmNtopShadowColor | XmCTopShadowColor | Pixel | dynamic | CSG
XmNtopShadowPixmap | XmCTopShadowPixmap | Pixmap | dynamic | CSG
XmNtraversalOn | XmCTraversalOn | Boolean | True | CSG
XmNunitType | XmCUnitType | unsigned char | dynamic | CSG
XmNuserData | XmCUserData | XtPointer | NULL | CSG

Name | Class | Type | Default | Access
XmNaccelerators | XmCAccelerators | XtAccelerators | dynamic | CSG
XmNancestorSensitive | XmCSensitive | Boolean | dynamic | G
XmNbackground | XmCBackground | Pixel | dynamic | CSG
XmNbackgroundPixmap | XmCPixmap | Pixmap | XmUNSPECIFIED_PIXMAP | CSG
XmNborderColor | XmCBorderColor | Pixel | XtDefaultForeground | CSG
XmNborderPixmap | XmCPixmap | Pixmap | XmUNSPECIFIED_PIXMAP | CSG
XmNborderWidth | XmCBorderWidth | Dimension | 0 | CSG
XmNcolormap | XmCColormap | Colormap | dynamic | CG
XmNdepth | XmCDepth | int | dynamic | CG
XmNdestroyCallback | XmCCallback | XtCallbackList | NULL | C
XmNheight | XmCHeight | Dimension | dynamic | CSG
XmNinitialResourcesPersistent | XmCInitialResourcesPersistent | Boolean | True | C
XmNmappedWhenManaged | XmCMappedWhenManaged | Boolean | True | CSG
XmNscreen | XmCScreen | Screen * | dynamic | CG
XmNsensitive | XmCSensitive | Boolean | True | CSG
XmNtranslations | XmCTranslations | XtTranslations | dynamic | CSG
XmNwidth | XmCWidth | Dimension | dynamic | CSG
XmNx | XmCPosition | Position | 0 | CSG
XmNy | XmCPosition | Position | 0 | CSG

### Callback Information

A pointer to the following structure is passed to each callback:

    typedef struct

    {

       int   reason;

       XEvent   * event;

    } XmAnyCallbackStruct;

`reason` |  | Indicates why the callback was invoked
`event` |  | Points to the XEvent that triggered the callback

The Text widget defines a new callback structure for use with verification callbacks. Note that not all fields are relevant for every callback reason. The application must first look at the `reason` field and use only the structure members that are valid for the particular reason. The values `startPos`, `endPos`, and `text` in the callback structure XmTextVerifyCallbackStruct may be modified upon receiving the callback, and these changes will be reflected as the change made to the source of the Text widget. (For example, all keystrokes can be converted to spaces or NULL characters when a password is entered into a Text widget.) The application programmer should not overwrite the `text` field, but should attach data to that pointer.

A pointer to the following structure is passed to callbacks for XmNlosingFocusCallback, XmNmodifyVerifyCallback, and XmNmotionVerifyCallback.

    typedef struct

    {

       int   reason;

       XEvent   * event;

       Boolean   doit;

       XmTextPosition    currInsert, newInsert;

       XmTextPosition    startPos, endPos;

       XmTextBlock    text;

    } XmTextVerifyCallbackStruct, *XmTextVerifyPtr;

`reason` |  | Indicates why the callback was invoked.
`event` |  | Points to the XEvent that triggered the callback. It can be NULL. For example, changes made to the Text widget programmatically do not have an event that can be passed to the associated callback.
`doit` |  | Indicates whether the action that invoked the callback is performed. Setting `doit` to False negates the action.
`currInsert` |  | Indicates the current position of the insert cursor.
`newInsert` |  | Indicates the position at which the user attempts to position the insert cursor.
`startPos` |  | Indicates the starting position of the text to modify. If the callback is not a modify verification callback, this value is the same as `currInsert`.
`endPos` |  | Indicates the ending position of the text to modify. If no text is replaced or deleted, the value is the same as `startPos`. If the callback is not a modify verification callback, this value is the same as `currInsert`.
`text` |  | Points to a structure of type XmTextBlockRec. This structure holds the textual information to be inserted.

    typedef struct

    {

       char   *ptr;

       int   length;

       XmTextFormat   format;

    } XmTextBlockRec, *XmTextBlock;

`ptr` |  | Points to the text to be inserted.
`length` |  | Specifies the length of the text to be inserted.
`format` |  | Specifies the format of the text, either XmFMT_8_BIT or XmFMT_16_BIT.

A pointer to the following structure is passed to callbacks for XmNmodifyVerifyCallbackWcs.

    typedef struct

    {

       int   reason;

       XEvent   *event;

       Boolean   doit;

       XmTextPosition    currInsert, newInsert;

       XmTextPosition    startPos, endPos;

       XmTextBlockWcs    text;

    } XmTextVerifyCallbackStructWcs, *XmTextVerifyPtrWcs;

`reason` |  | Indicates why the callback was invoked.
`event` |  | Points to the XEvent that triggered the callback. It can be NULL. For example, changes made to the Text widget programmatically do not have an event that can be passed to the associated callback.
`doit` |  | Indicates whether the action that invoked the callback is performed. Setting `doit` to False negates the action.
`currInsert` |  | Indicates the current position of the insert cursor.
`newInsert` |  | Indicates the position at which the user attempts to position the insert cursor.
`startPos` |  | Indicates the starting position of the text to modify. If the callback is not a modify verification callback, this value is the same as `currInsert`.
`endPos` |  | Indicates the ending position of the text to modify. If no text is replaced or deleted, the value is the same as `startPos`. If the callback is not a modify verification callback, this value is the same as `currInsert`.
`text` |  | Points to a structure of type XmTextBlockRecWcs. This structure holds the textual information to be inserted.

    typedef struct

    {

       wchar_t   *wcsptr;

       int   length;

    } XmTextBlockRecWcs, *XmTextBlockWcs;

`wcsptr` |  | Points to the wide character text to be inserted.
`length` |  | Specifies the number of characters to be inserted.

The following table describes the reasons why the individual verification callback structure fields are valid:

Reason | Valid Fields
XmCR_LOSING_FOCUS | reason, event, doit, currInsert, newInsert, startPos, endPos
XmCR_MODIFYING_TEXT_VALUE | reason, event, doit, currInsert, newInsert, startPos, endPos, text
XmCR_MOVING_INSERT_CURSOR | reason, event, doit, currInsert, newInsert

### Translations

XmText includes translations from XmPrimitive. The XmText translations are listed below. These translations may not directly correspond to a translation table. The actions represent the effective behavior of the associated events, and they may differ in a right-to-left language environment.

BSelect Press: | grab-focus()
BSelect Motion: | extend-adjust()
BSelect Release: | extend-end()
BExtend Press: | extend-start()
BExtend Motion: | extend-adjust()
BExtend Release: | extend-end()
BToggle Press: | move-destination()
BDrag Press: | process-bdrag()
BDrag Motion: | secondary-adjust()
BDrag Release: | copy-to()
MCtrl BDrag Press: | process-bdrag()
MCtrl BDrag Motion: | secondary-adjust()
MCtrl BDrag Release: | copy-to()
MAlt BDrag Press: | process-bdrag()
MAlt BDrag Motion: | secondary-adjust()
MAlt BDrag Release: | copy-to()
MShift BDrag Press: | process-bdrag()
MShift BDrag Motion: | secondary-adjust()
MShift BDrag Release: | move-to()
MAlt MCtrl BDrag Release: | copy-to()
MAlt MShift BDrag Release: | move-to()
KUp: | process-up()
MShift KUp: | process-shift-up()
MCtrl KUp: | backward-paragraph()
MShift MCtrl KUp: | backward-paragraph(extend)
KDown: | process-down()
MShift KDown: | process-shift-down()
MCtrl KDown: | forward-paragraph()
MShift MCtrl KDown: | forward-paragraph(extend)
KLeft: | backward-character()
MShift KLeft: | key-select(left)
MCtrl KLeft: | backward-word()
MShift MCtrl KLeft: | backward-word(extend)
KRight: | forward-character()
MShift KRight: | key-select(right)
MCtrl KRight: | forward-word()
MShift MCtrl KRight: | forward-word(extend)
KPageUp: | previous-page()
MShift KPageUp: | previous-page(extend)
KPageDown: | next-page()
MShift KPageDown: | next-page(extend)
KPageLeft: | page-left()
KPageRight: | page-right()
KBeginLine: | beginning-of-line()
MShift KBeginLine: | beginning-of-line(extend)
KEndLine: | end-of-line()
MShift KEndLine: | end-of-line(extend)
KBeginData: | beginning-of-file()
MShift KBeginData: | beginning-of-file(extend)
KEndData: | end-of-file()
MShift KEndData: | end-of-file(extend)
KTab: | process-tab()
KNextField: | next-tab-group()
KPrevField: | prev-tab-group()
KEnter: | process-return()
KActivate: | activate()
KDelete: | delete-next-character()
KBackSpace: | delete-previous-character()
KAddMode: | toggle-add-mode()
KSpace: | self-insert()
MShift KSpace: | self-insert()
KSelect: | set-anchor()
KExtend: | key-select()
MAny KCancel: | process-cancel()
KClear: | clear-selection()
KSelectAll: | select-all()
KDeselectAll: | deselect-all()
KCut: | cut-clipboard()
KCopy: | copy-clipboard()
KPaste: | paste-clipboard()
KPrimaryCut: | cut-primary()
KPrimaryCopy: | copy-primary()
KPrimaryPaste: | copy-primary()
KHelp: | Help()
KAny: | self-insert()

### Action Routines

The XmText action routines are described below:

activate(): |  | Calls the callbacks for XmNactivateCallback. If the parent is a manager, passes the event to the parent.
backward-character(): |  | Moves the insertion cursor one character to the left. For other effects, see the description of navigation operations in the "Keyboard Selection" section. This action may have different behavior in a right-to-left language environment.
backward-paragraph(`extend`): |  | If XmNeditMode is XmMULTI_LINE_EDIT and this action is called with no argument, moves the insertion cursor to the first non-whitespace character following the first previous blank line or beginning of the text. If the insertion cursor is already at the beginning of a paragraph, moves the insertion cursor to the beginning of the previous paragraph. For other effects, see the description of navigation operations in the "Keyboard Selection" section. If XmNeditMode is XmMULTI_LINE_EDIT and this action is called with an argument of extend, moves the insertion cursor as in the case of no argument and extends the current selection. For other effects, see the description of shifted navigation operations in the "Keyboard Selection" section.
backward-word(`extend`): |  | If this action is called with no argument, moves the insertion cursor to the first non-whitespace character after the first whitespace character to the left or after the beginning of the line. If the insertion cursor is already at the beginning of a word, moves the insertion cursor to the beginning of the previous word. For other effects, see the description of navigation operations in the "Keyboard Selection" section. This action may have different behavior in a locale other than the C locale. If called with an argument of extend, moves the insertion cursor as in the case of no argument and extends the current selection. For other effects, see the description of shifted navigation operations in the "Keyboard Selection" section.
beep(): |  | Causes the terminal to beep.
beginning-of-file(`extend`): |  | If this action is called with no argument, moves the insertion cursor to the beginning of the text. For other effects, see the description of navigation operations in the "Keyboard Selection" section. If called with an argument of extend, moves the insertion cursor as in the case of no argument and extends the current selection. For other effects, see the description of shifted navigation operations in the "Keyboard Selection" section.
beginning-of-line(`extend`): |  | If this action is called with no argument, moves the insertion cursor to the beginning of the line. For other effects, see the description of navigation operations in the "Keyboard Selection" section. If called with an argument of extend, moves the insertion cursor as in the case of no argument and extends the current selection. For other effects, see the description of shifted navigation operations in the "Keyboard Selection" section.
clear-selection(): |  | Clears the current selection by replacing each character except <Return> with a <space> character.
copy-clipboard(): |  | Copies the current selection to the clipboard.
copy-primary(): |  | Copies the primary selection to just before the insertion cursor.
copy-to(): |  | If a secondary selection exists, copies the secondary selection to just before the insertion cursor. If no secondary selection exists, copies the primary selection to the pointer location.
cut-clipboard(): |  | Cuts the current selection to the clipboard.
cut-primary(): |  | Cuts the primary selection to just before the insertion cursor.
delete-next-character(): |  | In normal mode if there is a non-null selection, deletes the selection, otherwise deletes the character following the insertion cursor. In add mode if there is a non-null selection, the cursor is not disjoint from the selection and XmNpendingDelete is set to True, deletes the selection, otherwise deletes the character following the insertion cursor. This may impact the selection.
delete-next-word(): |  | In normal mode if there is a non-null selection, deletes the selection, otherwise deletes the characters following the insertion cursor to the next space, tab or end of line character. In add mode if there is a non-null selection, the cursor is not disjoint from the selection and XmNpendingDelete is set to True, deletes the selection, otherwise deletes the characters following the insertion cursor to the next space, tab or end of line character. This may impact the selection. This action may have different behavior in a locale other than the C locale.
delete-previous-character(): |  | In normal mode if there is a non-null selection, deletes the selection, otherwise deletes the character of text immediately preceding the insertion cursor. In add mode if there is a non-null selection, the cursor is not disjoint from the selection and XmNpendingDelete is set to True, deletes the selection, otherwise deletes the character of text immediately preceding the insertion cursor. This may impact the selection.
delete-previous-word(): |  | In normal mode if there is a non-null selection, deletes the selection, otherwise deletes the characters preceding the insertion cursor to the next space, tab or beginning of the line character. In add mode if there is a non-null selection, the cursor is not disjoint from the selection and XmNpendingDelete is set to True, deletes the selection, otherwise deletes the characters preceding the insertion cursor to the next space, tab or beginning of line character.. This may impact the selection. This action may have different behavior in a locale other than the C locale.
delete-selection(): |  | Deletes the current selection.
delete-to-end-of-line(): |  | In normal mode if there is a non-null selection, deletes the selection, otherwise deletes the characters following the insertion cursor to the next end of line character. In add mode if there is a non-null selection, the cursor is not disjoint from the selection and XmNpendingDelete is set to True, deletes the selection, otherwise deletes the characters following the insertion cursor to the next end of line character. This may impact the selection.
delete-to-start-of-line(): |  | In normal mode if there is a non-null selection, deletes the selection, otherwise deletes the characters preceding the insertion cursor to the previous beginning of line character. In add mode if there is a non-null selection, the cursor is not disjoint from the selection and XmNpendingDelete is set to True, deletes the selection, otherwise deletes the characters preceding the insertion cursor to the previous beginning of line character. This may impact the selection.
deselect-all(): |  | Deselects the current selection.
end-of-file(`extend`): |  | If this action is called with no argument, moves the insertion cursor to the end of the text. For other effects, see the description of navigation operations in the "Keyboard Selection" section. If called with an argument of extend, moves the insertion cursor as in the case of no argument and extends the current selection. For other effects, see the description of shifted navigation operations in the "Keyboard Selection" section.
end-of-line(`extend`): |  | If this action is called with no argument, moves the insertion cursor to the end of the line. For other effects, see the description of navigation operations in the "Keyboard Selection" section. If called with an argument of extend, moves the insertion cursor as in the case of no argument and extends the current selection. For other effects, see the description of shifted navigation operations in the "Keyboard Selection" section.
extend-adjust(): |  | Selects text from the anchor to the pointer position and deselects text outside that range. Moving the pointer over several lines selects text from the anchor to the end of each line the pointer moves over and up to the pointer position on the current line.
extend-end(): |  | Moves the insertion cursor to the position of the pointer.
extend-start(): |  | Adjusts the anchor using the balance-beam method. Selects text from the anchor to the pointer position and deselects text outside that range.
forward-character(): |  | Moves the insertion cursor one character to the right. For other effects, see the description of navigation operations in the "Keyboard Selection" section. This action may have different behavior in a right-to-left language environment.
forward-paragraph(`extend`): |  | If XmNeditMode is XmMULTI_LINE_EDIT, and this action is called with no argument, moves the insertion cursor to the first non-whitespace character following the next blank line. If the insertion cursor is already at the beginning of a paragraph, moves the insertion cursor to the beginning of the next paragraph. For other effects, see the description of navigation operations in the "Keyboard Selection" section. If XmNeditMode is XmMULTI_LINE_EDIT and this action is called with an argument of extend, moves the insertion cursor as in the case of no argument and extends the current selection. For other effects, see the description of shifted navigation operations in the "Keyboard Selection" section.
forward-word(`extend`): |  | If this action is called with no argument, moves the insertion cursor to the first whitespace character or end of line following the next non-whitespace character. If the insertion cursor is already at the end of a word, moves the insertion cursor to the end of the next word. For other effects, see the description of navigation operations in the "Keyboard Selection" section. This action may have different behavior in a locale other than the C locale. If called with an argument of extend, moves the insertion cursor as in the case of no argument and extends the current selection. For other effects, see the description of shifted navigation operations in the "Keyboard Selection" section.
grab-focus(): |  | This key binding performs the action defined in the XmNselectionArray, depending on the number of multiple mouse clicks. The default selection array ordering is one click to move the insertion cursor to the pointer position, two clicks to select a word, three clicks to select a line of text, and four clicks to select all text. A single click also deselects any selected text and sets the anchor at the pointer position. This action may have different behavior in a locale other than the C locale.
Help(): |  | Calls the callbacks for XmNhelpCallback if any exist. If there are no help callbacks for this widget, this action calls the help callbacks for the nearest ancestor that has them.
insert-string(`string`): |  | If XmNpendingDelete is True and the cursor is not disjoint from the current selection, deletes the entire selection. Inserts `string` before the insertion cursor.
key-select(`direction`): |  | If called with an argument of right, moves the insertion cursor one character to the right and extends the current selection. If called with an argument of left, moves the insertion cursor one character to the left and extends the current selection. If called with no argument, extends the current selection. For other effects, see the description of shifted navigation operations and KExtend" in the "Keyboard Selection" section.
kill-next-character(): |  | In normal mode if there is a non-null selection, deletes the selection, otherwise kills the character following the insertion cursor and stores the character in the cut buffer. In add mode if there is a non-null selection, the cursor is not disjoint from the selection and XmNpendingDelete is set to True, deletes the selection, otherwise kills the character following the insertion cursor and stores the character in the cut buffer. This may impact the selection.
kill-next-word(): |  | In normal mode if there is a non-null selection, deletes the selection, otherwise kills the characters following the insertion cursor to the next space, tab or end of line character, and stores the characters in the cut buffer. In add mode if there is a non-null selection, the cursor is not disjoint from the selection and XmNpendingDelete is set to True, deletes the selection, otherwise kills the characters following the insertion cursor to the next space, tab or end of line character, and stores the characters in the cut buffer. This may impact the selection. This action may have different behavior in a locale other than the C locale.
kill-previous-character(): |  | In normal mode if there is a non-null selection, deletes the selection, otherwise kills the character immediately preceding the insertion cursor and stores the character in the cut buffer. In add mode if there is a non-null selection, the cursor is not disjoint from the selection and XmNpendingDelete is set to True, deletes the selection, otherwise kills the character immediately preceding the insertion cursor and stores the character in the cut buffer. This may impact the selection.
kill-previous-word(): |  | In normal mode if there is a non-null selection, deletes the selection, otherwise kills the characters preceding the insertion cursor up to the next space, tab or beginning of line character, and stores the characters in the cut buffer. In add mode if there is a non-null selection, the cursor is not disjoint from the selection and XmNpendingDelete is set to True, deletes the selection, otherwise kills the characters preceding the insertion cursor up to the next space, tab or beginning of line character, and stores the characters in the cut buffer. This may impact the selection. This action may have different behavior in a locale other than the C locale.
kill-selection(): |  | Kills the currently selected text and stores the text in the cut buffer.
kill-to-end-of-line(): |  | In normal mode if there is a non-null selection, deletes the selection, otherwise kills the characters following the insertion cursor to the next end of line character and stores the characters in the cut buffer. In add mode if there is a non-null selection, the cursor is not disjoint from the selection and XmNpendingDelete is set to True, deletes the selection, otherwise kills the characters following the insertion cursor to the next end of line character and stores the characters in the cut buffer. This may impact the selection.
kill-to-start-of-line(): |  | In normal mode if there is a non-null selection, deletes the selection, otherwise kills the characters preceding the insertion cursor to the next beginning of line character and stores the characters in the cut buffer. In add mode if there is a non-null selection, the cursor is not disjoint from the selection and XmNpendingDelete is set to True, deletes the selection, otherwise kills the characters preceding the insertion cursor to the next beginning of line character and stores the characters in the cut buffer. This may impact the selection.
move-destination(): |  | Moves the insertion cursor to the pointer position without changing any existing current selection. If there is no current selection, sets the widget as the destination widget.
move-to(): |  | If a secondary selection exists, cuts the secondary selection to the insertion cursor. If no secondary selection exists, cuts the primary selection to the pointer location.
newline(): |  | If XmNpendingDelete is True and the cursor is not disjoint from the current selection, deletes the entire selection. Inserts a newline before the insertion cursor.
newline-and-backup(): |  | If XmNpendingDelete is True and the cursor is not disjoint from the current selection, deletes the entire selection. Inserts a newline just before the insertion cursor and repositions the insertion cursor to the end of the line before the newline.
newline-and-indent(): |  | If XmNpendingDelete is True and the cursor is not disjoint from the current selection, deletes the entire selection. Inserts a newline and then the same number of whitespace characters as at the beginning of the previous line.
next-line(): |  | Moves the insertion cursor to the next line. For other effects, see the description of navigation operations in the "Keyboard Selection" section.
next-page(`extend`): |  | If this action is called with no argument, moves the insertion cursor forward one page. For other effects, see the description of navigation operations in the "Keyboard Selection" section. If called with an argument of extend, moves the insertion cursor as in the case of no argument and extends the current selection. For other effects, see the description of shifted navigation operations in the "Keyboard Selection" section.
next-tab-group(): |  | Traverses to the next tab group.
page-left(): |  | Scrolls the viewing window left one page of text.
page-right(): |  | Scrolls the viewing window right one page of text.
paste-clipboard(): |  | Pastes the contents of the clipboard before the insertion cursor.
prev-tab-group(): |  | Traverses to the previous tab group.
previous-line(): |  | Moves the insertion cursor to the previous line. For other effects, see the description of navigation operations in the "Keyboard Selection" section.
previous-page(`extend`): |  | If this action is called with no argument, moves the insertion cursor back one page. For other effects, see the description of navigation operations in the "Keyboard Selection" section. If called with an argument of extend, moves the insertion cursor as in the case of no argument and extends the current selection. For other effects, see the description of shifted navigation operations in the "Keyboard Selection" section.
process-bdrag() |  | The result of this action is determined by several factors: position of the location cursor, movement of the location cursor, and the interval between a BDrag press and release. This action copies the current selection to the insertion cursor if text is selected, the location cursor is disjoint from the current selection, and no motion is detected within a given time interval. It performs a secondary selection and copies the selection to the position where the text was last edited if the cursor is disjoint from a current selection (if one exists), the time interval is exceeded, and movement of the location cursor is detected. The action drags the current selection if the location cursor is positioned on the selection, the time interval is exceeded, and movement of the location cursor is detected. This action creates a DragContext object whose XmNexportTargets resource value includes target types of COMPOUND_TEXT, STRING, and TEXT.
process-cancel(): |  | Cancels the current extend-adjust(), secondary-adjust() or process-bdrag() operation and leaves the selection state as it was before the operation, otherwise, and if the parent is a manager, passes the event to the parent.
process-down(): |  | If XmNeditMode is XmSINGLE_LINE_EDIT and XmNnavigationType is XmNONE, traverses to the widget below the current one in the tab group. If XmNeditMode is XmMULTI_LINE_EDIT, moves the insertion cursor down one line. For other effects, see the description of navigation operations in the "Keyboard Selection" section.
process-home(): |  | Moves the insertion cursor to the beginning of the line. For other effects, see the description of navigation operations in the "Keyboard Selection" section.
process-return(): |  | If XmNeditMode is XmSINGLE_LINE_EDIT, calls the callbacks for XmNactivateCallback, and if the parent is a manager, passes the event to the parent. If XmNeditMode is XmMULTI_LINE_EDIT, inserts a newline.
process-shift-down(): |  | If XmNeditMode is XmMULTI_LINE_EDIT, moves the insertion cursor down one line. For other effects, see the description of navigation operations in the "Keyboard Selection" section.
process-shift-up(): |  | If XmNeditMode is XmMULTI_LINE_EDIT, moves the insertion cursor up one line. For other effects, see the description of navigation operations in the "Keyboard Selection" section.
process-tab(): |  | If XmNeditMode is XmSINGLE_LINE_EDIT, traverses to the next tab group. If XmNeditMode is XmMULTI_LINE_EDIT, inserts a tab.
process-up(): |  | If XmNeditMode is XmSINGLE_LINE_EDIT and XmNnavigationType is XmNONE, traverses to the widget above the current one in the tab group. If XmNeditMode is XmMULTI_LINE_EDIT, moves the insertion cursor up one line. For other effects, see the description of navigation operations in the "Keyboard Selection" section.
redraw-display(): |  | Redraws the contents of the text window.
scroll-cursor-vertically(`percentage`): |  | Scrolls the line containing the insertion cursor vertically to an intermediate position in the visible window based on an input percentage. A value of 0 indicates the top of the window; a value of 100, the bottom of the window. If this action is called with no argument, the line containing the insertion cursor is scrolled vertically to a new position designated by the `y` position of the event passed to the routine.
scroll-one-line-down(): |  | Scrolls the text area down one line.
scroll-one-line-up(): |  | Scrolls the text area up one line.
secondary-adjust(): |  | Extends the secondary selection to the pointer position.
secondary-notify(): |  | Copies the secondary selection to the insertion cursor of the destination widget.
secondary-start(): |  | Marks the beginning of a secondary selection.
select-adjust(): |  | Extends the current selection. The amount of text selected depends on the number of mouse clicks, as specified by the XmNselectionArray resource.
select-all(): |  | Selects all text.
select-end(): |  | Extends the current selection. The amount of text selected depends on the number of mouse clicks, as specified by the XmNselectionArray resource.
select-start(): |  | Marks the beginning of a new selection region.
self-insert(): |  | If XmNpendingDelete is True and the cursor is not disjoint from the current selection, deletes the entire selection. Inserts the character associated with the key pressed at the insertion cursor.
set-anchor(): |  | Resets the anchor point for extended selections. Resets the destination of secondary selection actions.
set-insertion-point(): |  | Sets the insertion position.
set-selection-hint(): |  | Sets the text source and location of the current selection.
toggle-add-mode(): |  | Toggles the state of Add Mode.
toggle-overstrike(): |  | Toggles the state of the text insertion mode. By default, characters typed into the Text widget are inserted at the position of the insertion cursor. In overstrike mode, characters entered into the Text widget replace the characters that directly follow the insertion cursor. In overstrike mode, when the end of a line is reached, characters are appended to the end of the line.
traverse-home(): |  | Traverses to the first widget in the tab group.
traverse-next(): |  | Traverses to the next widget in the tab group.
traverse-prev(): |  | Traverses to the previous widget in the tab group.
unkill(): |  | Restores last killed text to the position of the insertion cursor.

### Additional Behavior

This widget has the additional behavior described below:

<FocusIn>: |  | Draws the insertion cursor as solid and starts blinking the cursor.
<FocusOut>: |  | Displays the insertion cursor as a stippled I-beam unless it is the destination widget.

### Virtual Bindings

The bindings for virtual keys are vendor specific. The following table lists the Text-specific bindings of virtual keys to actual key event descriptions in OSF/Motif:

Virtual Key | Actual Key Events
KActivate | Ctrl<Key>Return
| <Key>osfActivate
KExtend | Ctrl Shift<Key>space
| Shift<Key>osfSelect
KNextField | Ctrl<Key>Tab
KSelect | Ctrl<Key>space
| <Key>osfSelect

For information about bindings for virtual buttons and keys, see VirtualBindings(3X).

## RELATED INFORMATION

Core(3X), XmCreateScrolledText(3X), XmCreateText(3X), XmFontList(3X), XmFontListAppendEntry(3X), XmPrimitive(3X), XmTextClearSelection(3X), XmTextCopy(3X), XmTextCut(3X), XmTextEnableRedisplay(3X), XmTextDisableRedisplay(3X), XmTextField(3X), XmTextFindString(3X), XmTextFindStringWcs(3X), XmTextGetBaseline(3X), XmTextGetEditable(3X), XmTextGetInsertionPosition(3X), XmTextGetLastPosition(3X), XmTextGetMaxLength(3X), XmTextGetSelection(3X), XmTextGetSelectionWcs(3X), XmTextGetSelectionPosition(3X), XmTextGetSource(3X), XmTextGetString(3X), XmTextGetStringWcs(3X), XmTextGetSubstring(3X), XmTextGetSubstringWcs(3X), XmTextGetTopCharacter(3X), XmTextInsert(3X), XmTextInsertWcs(3X), XmTextPaste(3X), XmTextPosToXY(3X), XmTextPosition(3X), XmTextRemove(3X), XmTextReplace(3X), XmTextReplaceWcs(3X), XmTextScroll(3X), XmTextSetAddMode(3X), XmTextSetEditable(3X), XmTextSetHighlight(3X), XmTextSetInsertionPosition(3X), XmTextSetMaxLength(3X), XmTextSetSelection(3X), XmTextSetSource(3X), XmTextSetString(3X), XmTextSetStringWcs(3X), XmTextSetTopCharacter(3X), XmTextShowPosition(3X), and XmTextXYToPos(3X).

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