Contents

# Index

# . _

## #

#include files, with preprocessor

cpp, the GNU preprocessor

## .

.bss

The linker script

.bss section

The linker script
crt0, the main startup file

.coff, the main object file format

ld, the GNU linker

.data

The linker script

.text

The linker script

.text section

The linker script

## _

_bss_start

The linker script

_bss_start and _end

The linker script

_DYNAMIC, for shared dynamic libraries

The linker script

_end

The linker script
I/O support code

## A

a.out

binutils, the GNU binary utilities

argv

crt0, the main startup file

as

Using the GNU tools on embedded systems
Invoking the GNU Tools

as, the GNU assembler

as, the GNU assembler

ASCII text

I/O support code

assembler

Using the GNU tools on embedded systems
as, the GNU assembler

Assembler options for Hitachi sh

Assembler options for Hitachi sh

Assembler options for m68k

Assembler options for m68k

Assembler options for mips

Assembler options for mips

Assembler options for SPARC

Assembler options for SPARC

## B

binaries

ld, the GNU linker

binary utilities

Using the GNU tools on embedded systems
binutils, the GNU binary utilities

binutils

Using the GNU tools on embedded systems

binutils, the GNU binary utilities

binutils, the GNU binary utilities

breakpoints

gdb, the debugging tool

bug

crt0, the main startup file

bug monitor

crt0, the main startup file

built-in trap handler

crt0, the main startup file

## C

C library

libgloss, newlib and libstd++, the GNU libraries
Using the GNU tools on embedded systems

C++ constructors

gcc, the GNU compiler

Calling conventions for Hitachi h8/300

Calling conventions for Hitachi h8/300

Calling conventions for Hitachi sh

Calling conventions for Hitachi sh

Calling conventions for m68k

Calling conventions for m68k

Calling conventions for SPARC and SPARClite targets

Calling conventions for SPARC and SPARClite targets

coff file

The linker script

compiler

gcc, the GNU compiler
Using the GNU tools on embedded systems

Compiler options for Hitachi sh

Compiler options for Hitachi sh

Compiler options for m68k

Compiler options for m68k

Compiler options for mips

Compiler options for mips

Compiler options for SPARC

Compiler options for SPARC

Compiler options for the Hitachi h8/300

Compiler options for the Hitachi h8/300

Compiling for Hitachi h8/300 targets

Compiling for Hitachi h8/300 targets

Compiling for Motorola m68k targets

Compiling for Motorola m68k targets

Compiling for SPARC targets

Compiling for SPARC targets

Compiling on Hitachi sh targets

Compiling on Hitachi sh targets

Compiling on mips targets

Compiling on mips targets

concatenation macros

crt0, the main startup file

constructor and destructor tables

The linker script

constructor and destructor tables for G++

The linker script

CONSTRUCTORS

The linker script

cpp

Invoking the GNU Tools

cpp, the GNU preprocessor

cpp, the GNU preprocessor

CREATE_OBJECT_SYMBOLS

The linker script

crt0 (C RunTime 0) file

crt0, the main startup file

crt0 file

The linker script

crt0 files, multiple

The linker script

crt0, the main startup file

crt0, the main startup file

crt0, the main startup script

libgloss, newlib and libstd++, the GNU libraries

-d, for assembler

binutils, the GNU binary utilities

## D

data

The linker script

debugger

Using the GNU tools on embedded systems

debugging

Useful debugging routines

Debugging on Hitachi sh targets

Debugging on Hitachi sh targets

Debugging on mips targets

Debugging on mips targets

Debugging on Motorola m68k targets

Debugging on Motorola m68k targets

Debugging on SPARC and SPARClite targets

Debugging on SPARC and SPARClite targets

Debugging on targets for Hitachi h 8/300

Debugging on targets for Hitachi h 8/300

debugging, low-level

Useful debugging routines

destructor tables

The linker script

-disassemble

binutils, the GNU binary utilities

dynamic libraries

The linker script

dynamic memory allocation

Memory support

-E option

cpp, the GNU preprocessor

## E

E7000 in-circuit emulators

E7000 in-circuit emulators

embedded targets

Introduction to supported targets

embedded:tools

Using the GNU tools on embedded systems

exception handler for breakpoints

gdb, the debugging tool

executable binary image, making

binutils, the GNU binary utilities

exit

crt0, the main startup file

## F

FORMAT output-format

binutils, the GNU binary utilities

Fujitsu SPARClite

Compiler options for SPARC

Further documentation for Hitachi h8/300

Further documentation for Hitachi h8/300

Further documentation for Hitachi sh

Further documentation for Hitachi sh

Further documentation for mips

Further documentation for mips

Further documentation for SPARClite

Further documentation for SPARClite

## G

gcc

Using the GNU tools on embedded systems
Invoking the GNU Tools

gcc, the GNU compiler

gcc, the GNU compiler

gdb

Using the GNU tools on embedded systems
gdb, the debugging tool

GDB stub

gdb, the debugging tool

gdb, the debugging tool

gdb, the debugging tool

General assembler options for Hitachi H8/300

General assembler options for Hitachi H8/300

getpd(), for returning value

Miscellaneous support routines

global symbol names

crt0, the main startup file

global symbols

crt0, the main startup file

gofast library

Debugging on mips targets

gofast R3000 Floating Point Library

Further documentation for mips

GROUP, for loading

The linker script

## H

hex values, printing out in

Useful debugging routines

Hitachi H8/300 boards

Hitachi H8/300 boards

Hitachi H8/300 targets

Hitachi H8/300 targets

Hitachi H8/300:as

General assembler options for Hitachi H8/300

Hitachi H8/300:assembler directives

General assembler options for Hitachi H8/300

Hitachi H8/300:C++ initializers

Using C++ for the Hitachi H8/300

Hitachi H8/300:calliing conventions

Calling conventions for Hitachi H8/300

Hitachi H8/300:configurations

Predefined preprocessor macros for Hitachi H8/300

Hitachi H8/300:debugging on targets

Debugging on targets for Hitachi H8/300

Hitachi H8/300:e7000 in-circuit emulator

E7000 in-circuit emulators
Loading on specific targets for Hitachi H8/300
Debugging on targets for Hitachi H8/300

Hitachi H8/300:floating point subroutines

Compiler options for the Hitachi H8/300

Hitachi H8/300:gcc

What to call the tools for Hitachi H8/300
General assembler options for Hitachi H8/300

Hitachi H8/300:gdb

What to call the tools for Hitachi H8/300

Hitachi H8/300:gdb commands

Debugging on targets for Hitachi H8/300

Hitachi H8/300:GDB remote serial protocol

Hitachi H8/300 boards

Hitachi H8/300:preprocessor macros

Predefined preprocessor macros for Hitachi H8/300

Hitachi H8/300:serial devices

Debugging on targets for Hitachi H8/300

Hitachi H8/300:User's Manual

Further documentation for Hitachi H8/300

Hitachi Microsystems

Further documentation for Hitachi H8/300

Hitachi SH Microsystems

Further documentation for Hitachi SH

Hitachi SH targets

Hitachi SHtargets

Hitachi SH:compiling

Compiling on Hitachi SH targets

Hitachi SH:debugging targets

Debugging on Hitachi SHtargets

Hitachi SH:gcc

What to call the tools for Hitachi SH

Hitachi SH:gdb

What to call the tools for Hitachi SH

Hitachi SH:listing-control assembler directives

Assembler options for Hitachi SH

Hitachi SH:options

Compiler options for Hitachi SH

Hitachi SH:preprocessor macros

Predefined preprocessor macros for Hitachi SH

Hitachi SH:programming

Further documentation for Hitachi SH

Hitachi SH:subroutines

Compiler options for Hitachi SH

Hitachi SH :targets

What to call the tools for Hitachi SH

Hitachi SH :User's Manual

Further documentation for Hitachi SH

Hitachi:H8/300:introduction

What to call the tools for Hitachi H8/300

Hitachi:H8/300H

Compiler options for the Hitachi H8/300

## I

I/O support code

I/O support code
libgloss, newlib and libstd++, the GNU libraries

idt/mips, configuring

What to call the tools for mips

-inbyte

I/O support code

Introduction to supported targets

Introduction to supported targets

Invoking the GNU Tools

Invoking the GNU Tools

isatty(), for checking for a terminal device

Miscellaneous support routines

## K

kill()

I/O support code

kill(), for exiting

Miscellaneous support routines

## L

ld

Using the GNU tools on embedded systems
Invoking the GNU Tools

ld, the GNU linker

ld, the GNU linker

ld, the linker script

libgloss, newlib and libstd++, the GNU libraries

libc

libgloss, newlib and libstd++, the GNU libraries

libgcc.a

gcc, the GNU compiler

libgloss

libgloss, newlib and libstd++, the GNU libraries
Using the GNU tools on embedded systems
Useful debugging routines

libgloss, newlib and libstd++, the GNU libraries

libgloss, newlib and libstd++, the GNU libraries

libm

libgloss, newlib and libstd++, the GNU libraries

libraries

gcc, the GNU compiler
libgloss, newlib and libstd++, the GNU libraries

libstd++

libgloss, newlib and libstd++, the GNU libraries

linker

Using the GNU tools on embedded systems

linker script

The linker script

Loading on specific targets for Hitachi H8/300

Loading on specific targets for Hitachi H8/300

Loading on specific targets for SPARC and SPARClite

Loading on specific targets for SPARC and SPARClite

low-level debugging

I/O support code

## M

m68k-coff configuration

The linker script

macros

crt0, the main startup file

main

crt0, the main startup file
gcc, the GNU compiler

main()

crt0, the main startup file

malloc()

crt0, the main startup file

math library

libgloss, newlib and libstd++, the GNU libraries

memory

crt0, the main startup file
The linker script

memory map

The linker script

Memory support

Memory support

MIPS ecoff target

Assembler options for MIPS

MIPS targets

mips targets

MIPS: gas options

Assembler options for MIPS

MIPS:assembler options

Assembler options for MIPS

MIPS:calling conventions

Assembler options for MIPS

MIPS:compiling

Compiling on MIPS targets

MIPS:configuring

Compiling on MIPS targets
Predefined preprocessor macros for MIPS

MIPS:debugging

Debugging on MIPS targets

MIPS:floating point

Compiling on MIPS targets

MIPS:GCC options

Compiler options for MIPS

MIPS:gofast library

Debugging on MIPS targets

MIPS:preproccesor macros

Predefined preprocessor macros for MIPS

MIPS:remote serial protocol

Debugging on MIPS targets

MIPS:targets

Compiling on MIPS targets

Miscellaneous support routines

Miscellaneous support routines

Motorola m68k

What to call the tools for m68k

Motorola m68k targets

Motorola m68k targets

Motorola m68k:calling conventions

Calling conventions for m68k

Motorola m68k:compiling

What to call the tools for m68k

Motorola m68k:configurations

Predefined preprocessor macros for m68k

Motorola m68k:debugging

Debugging on Motorola m68k targets

Motorola m68k:floating point subroutines

Compiler options for m68k

Motorola m68k:gas

Assembler options for m68k

Motorola m68k:preprocessor macros

Predefined preprocessor macros for m68k

## N

newlib

libgloss, newlib and libstd++, the GNU libraries
Miscellaneous support routines
Using the GNU tools on embedded systems
Useful debugging routines

nm utility

The linker script

-nostdlib

gcc, the GNU compiler

## O

objcopy

binutils, the GNU binary utilities

objdump

binutils, the GNU binary utilities

object file format

ld, the GNU linker

object file, with assembler

as, the GNU assembler

object files and object file formats

ld, the GNU linker

object files, linking to C library

gcc, the GNU compiler

OS Support

libgloss, newlib and libstd++, the GNU libraries

-outbyte

I/O support code

outbyte()

Useful debugging routines

## P

Predefined preprocessor macros for Hitachi h8/300

Predefined preprocessor macros for Hitachi H8/300

Predefined preprocessor macros for Hitachi sh

Predefined preprocessor macros for Hitachi SH

Predefined preprocessor macros for m68k

Predefined preprocessor macros for m68k

Predefined preprocessor macros for MIPS

Predefined preprocessor macros for MIPS

Predefined preprocessor macros for SPARC

Predefined preprocessor macros for SPARC

prefix

crt0, the main startup file

-prefix-addresses

binutils, the GNU binary utilities

preprocessing

cpp, the GNU preprocessor

print()

Useful debugging routines

PROM burners

binutils, the GNU binary utilities

putnum()

Useful debugging routines

## R

RAM space

The linker script

RAM variable

The linker script

register names

crt0, the main startup file

Release Notes for GNUPro Toolkit:embedded targets matrix

Introduction to supported targets

ROM monitor

gdb, the debugging tool
crt0, the main startup file

ROM monitors

binutils, the GNU binary utilities

rom68k

crt0, the main startup file

rom68k and mon68k monitors

The linker script

## S

sbrk()

The linker script
I/O support code

SEARCH_DIR, for specifying paths

The linker script

section

The linker script

section names

The linker script

sections, main

The linker script

serial device:Hitachi H8/300

Debugging on targets for Hitachi H8/300

SPARC targets

SPARC targets

SPARC:as options

Assembler options for SPARC

SPARC:as output

Assembler options for SPARC

SPARC:calling conventions

Calling conventions for SPARC and SPARClite targets

SPARC:command-line options

Compiler options for SPARC

SPARC:compiling

What to call the SPARC tools

SPARC:configuring

What to call the SPARC tools
Compiler options for SPARC
Predefined preprocessor macros for SPARC

SPARC:debugging

Debugging on SPARC and SPARClite targets

SPARC:floating point subroutines

Compiling for SPARC targets
Compiler options for SPARC

SPARC:gdb

What to call the SPARC tools

SPARC:MB86930

Compiler options for SPARC

SPARC:MB86934

Compiler options for SPARC

SPARC:preprocessor

Predefined preprocessor macros for SPARC

SPARC:version 8 code

Compiler options for SPARC

SPARClite board

Loading on specific targets for SPARC and SPARClite

SPARClite:calling conventions

Calling conventions for SPARC and SPARClite targets

SPARClite:command-line options

Compiler options for SPARC

SPARClite:configuring

Compiler options for SPARC

SPARClite:debugging

Debugging on SPARC and SPARClite targets

SPARClite:gas output

Assembler options for SPARC

SPARClite:supported boards

SPARC targets

SPARClite:User's Manual

Further documentation for SPARClite

S-records

binutils, the GNU binary utilities

stack space

crt0, the main startup file

start

crt0, the main startup file

STARTFILE_SPEC

The linker script

STARTUP command

The linker script

stdout

cpp, the GNU preprocessor

stub

I/O support code
Loading on specific targets for SPARC and SPARClite

support library

Using the GNU tools on embedded systems

support routines

Miscellaneous support routines

supported targets

Introduction to supported targets

switches

Invoking the GNU Tools

SYM

crt0, the main startup file

--target option

What to call the tools for Hitachi H8/300

## T

targets

Introduction to supported targets

The linker script

The linker script

trap handler

crt0, the main startup file

## U

uninitialized data

The linker script

US Software GOFAST library

Compiler options for SPARC

Useful debugging routines

Useful debugging routines

Using C++ for the Hitachi h8/300

Using C++ for the Hitachi H8/300

Using the GNU tools on embedded systems

Using the GNU tools on embedded systems

## V

variables, default values for

The linker script

## W

What to call the SPARC tools

What to call the SPARC tools

What to call the tools for Hitachi H8/300

What to call the tools for Hitachi H8/300

What to call the tools for Hitachi SH

What to call the tools for Hitachi SH

What to call the tools for m68k

What to call the tools for m68k

What to call the tools for MIPS

What to call the tools for MIPS