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Event Designators

An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the history list.

!
Start a history subsititution, except when followed by a space, tab, or the end of the line... = or (.

!!
Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for !-1.

!n
Refer to command line n.

!-n
Refer to the command line n lines back.

!string
Refer to the most recent command starting with string.

!?string[?]
Refer to the most recent command containing string.