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# GNUPro C Library

C opyright © 1992-1997 Cygnus Support. All rights reserved.
GNUPro™, the GNUPro™ logo and the Cygnus Solutions logo are all trademarks of Cygnus Solutions. All other brand and product names are trademarks of their respective owners.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this documentation, provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this documentation under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this documentation into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.
libc includes software developed by the University of California, Berkeley and its contributors.
libc includes software developed by Martin Jackson, Graham Haley, and Steve Chamberlain of Tadpole Technology and released to Cygnus solutions.
libc uses floating-point conversion software, developed at AT&T, which includes the following notice.
The author of this software is David M. Gay.

Copyright © 1991 by AT&T.
Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting documentation for such software.
THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED “AS IS,” WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY. IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHOR NOR AT&T MAKES ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Original document written by: Steve Chamberlain and Roland Pesch.
This documentation has been prepared by Cygnus Technical Publications; to contact the Cygnus Solutions Technical Publications staff, use email: doc@cygnus.com.

The following documentation discusses the header classes and the functions that they contain in the Cygnus C library.

- Standard Utility Functions (stdlib.h)
- Character Type Macros and Functions (ctype.h)
- Input and Output (stdio.h)
- Strings and Memory (string.h)
- Signal Handling (signal.h)
- Time Functions (time.h)
- Locale (Locale.h)
- Reentrancy
- Miscellaneous Macros and Functions
- System Calls
- Definitions for OS Interface
- Reentrant Covers for OS Subroutines
- Variable Argument Lists
- ANSI-Standard Macros (stdarg.h)
- Traditional Macros (varargs.h)

STANDARD UTILITY FUNCTIONS (stdlib.h)

abort [abnormal termination of a program]

abs [integer absolute value (magnitude)]

assert [macro for debugging diagnostics]

atexit [request execution of functions at program exit]

atof, atoff [string to double or float]

atoi, atol [string to integer]

bsearch [binary search]

calloc [allocate space for arrays]

div [divide two integers]

ecvt, ecvtf, fcvt, fcvtf [double or float to string]

gvcvt, gcvtf [format double or float as string]

ecvtbuf, fcvtbuf [double or float to string]

exit [end program execution]

getenv [look up environment variable]

labs [long integer absolute value]

ldiv [divide two long integers]

malloc, realloc, free [manage memory]

mmbtowc [minimal multibyte to wide char converter]

qsort [sort an array]

rand, srand [pseudo-random numbers]

strtod, strtodf [string to double or float]

strtol [string to long]

strtoul [string to unsigned long]

system [execute command string]

wctomb [minimal wide char to multibyte converter]

CHARACTER TYPE MACROS AND FUNCTIONS (ctype.h)

isalnum [alphanumeric character predicate]

isalpha [alphabetic character predicate]

isascii [ASCII character predicate]

iscntrl [control character predicate]

isdigit [decimal digit predicate]

islower [lower-case character predicate]

isprint, isgraph [printable character predicates]

ispunct [punctuation character predicate]

isspace [whitespace character predicate]

isupper [uppercase character predicate]

isxdigit [hexadecimal digit predicate]

toascii [force integers to ASCII range]

tolower [translate characters to lower case]

toupper [translate characters to upper case]

INPUT AND OUTPUT (stdio.h)

clearerr [clear file or stream error indicator]

fclose [close a file]

feof [test for end of file]

ferror [test whether read/write error has occurred]

fflush [flush buffered file output]

fgetc [get a character from a file or stream]

fgetpos [record position in a stream or file]

fgets [get character string from a file or stream]

fiprintf [format output to file (integer only)]

fopen [open a file]

fdopen [turn open file into a stream]

fputc [write a character on a stream or file]

fputs [write a character string in a file or stream]

fread [read array elements from a file]

freopen [open a file using an existing file descriptor]

fseek [set file position]

fsetpos [restore position of a stream or file]

ftell [return position in a stream or file]

fwrite [write array elements]

getc [read a character (macro)]

getchar [read a character (macro)]

gets [get character string]

iprintf [write formatted output (integer only)]

mktemp, mkstemp [generate unused file name]

perror [print an error message on standard error]

putc [write a character (macro)]

putchar [write a character (macro)]

puts [write a character string]

remove [delete a file’s name]

rename [rename a file]

rewind [reinitialize a file or stream]

setbuf [specify full buffering for a file or stream]

setvbuf [specify file or stream buffering]

siprintf [write formatted output (integer only)]

printf, fprintf, sprintf [format output]

scanf, fscanf, sscanf [scan and format input]

tmpfile [create a temporary file]

tmpnam, tempnam [name for a temporary file]

vprintf, vfprintf, vsprintf [format argument list]

STRINGS AND MEMORY (string.h)

bcmp [compare two memory areas]

bcopy [copy memory regions]

bzero [initialize memory to zero]

index [search for character in string]

memchr [find character in memory]

memcmp [compare two memory areas]

memcpy [copy memory regions]

memmove [move possibly overlapping memory]

memset [set an area of memory]

rindex [reverse search for character in string]

strcat [concatenate strings]

strchr [search for character in string]

strcmp [character string compare]

strcoll [locale specific character string compare]

strcpy [copy string]

strcspn [count chars not in string]

strerror [convert error number to string]

trlen [character string length]

strncat [concatenate strings]

strncmp [character string compare]

strncpy [counted copy string]

strpbrk [find chars in string]

strrchr [reverse search for character in string]

strspn [find initial match]

strstr [find string segment]

strtok [get next token from a string]

strxfrm [transform string]

SIGNAL HANDLING (signal.h)

raise [send a signal]

signal [specify handler subroutine for a signal]

TIME FUNCTIONS (time.h)

asctime [format time as string]

clock [cumulative processor time]

ctime [convert time to local and format as string]

difftime [subtract two times]

gmtime [convert time to UTC traditional form]

localtime [convert time to local representation]

mktime [convert time to arithmetic representation]

strftime [flexible calendar time formatter]

time [get current calendar time (as single number)]

LOCALE (Locale.h)

setlocale, localeconv [select or query locale]

REENTRANCY

MISCELLANEOUS MACROS AND FUNCTIONS

unctrl [translate characters to upper case]

SYSTEM CALLS

DEFINITIONS FOR OS INTERFACE

REENTRANT COVERS FOR OS SUBROUTINES

VARIABLE ARGUMENT LISTS

ANSI-STANDARD MACROS, (stdarg.h)

va_start [initialize variable argument list]

va_arg [extract a value from argument list]

va_end [abandon a variable argument list]

TRADITIONAL MACROS (varargs.h)

va_dcl [declare variable arguments]

va_start [initialize variable argument list]

va_arg [extract a value from argument list]

va_end [abandon a variable argument list]