Contents|Index|Previous|Next

Rules without Commands or Dependencies

If a rule has no dependencies or commands, and the target of the rule is a nonexistent file, then make imagines this target to have been updated whenever its rule is run. This implies that all targets depending on this one will always have their commands run. The following example will illustrate the rule.

clean: FORCE
rm $(objects)
FORCE:

In this case, the target, ‘FORCE’, satisfies the special conditions, so the target, ‘clean’, that depends on it is forced to run its commands. There is nothing special about the name, ‘FORCE’, but that is one name commonly used this way. As you can see, using ‘FORCE’ this way has the same results as using ‘.PHONY: clean’. Using ‘.PHONY’ is more explicit and more efficient. However, other versions of make do not support ‘.PHONY’; thus ‘FORCE’ appears in many makefiles. See Phony Targets.