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Declare and Define Static Members

When a class has static data members, it is not enough to declare the static member; you must also define it. Use the following example, for instance.

    class Foo
    {
    : : :
    void method();
    static int bar;
    };

This declaration only establishes that the class Foo has an int named Foo::bar, and a member function named Foo::method. But you still need to define both method and bar elsewhere. According to the draft ANSI standard, you must supply an initializer in one (and only one) source file, such as the following example shows.

    int Foo::bar = 0;

Other C++ compilers may not correctly implement the standard behavior. As a result, when you switch to g++ from one of these compilers, you may discover that a program that appeared to work correctly in fact does not conform to the standard: g++ reports as undefined symbols any static data members that lack definitions.