     UNZIP(1L)                        Info-ZIP                         UNZIP(1L)
                                20 April 2009 (v6.0)

     NAME
          unzip - list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive

     SYNOPSIS
          unzip [-Z] [-cflptTuvz[abjnoqsCDKLMUVWX$/:^]] file[.zip] [file(s) ...]
          [-x xfile(s) ...] [-d exdir]

     DESCRIPTION
          unzip will list, test, or extract files from a ZIP archive, commonly
          found on MS-DOS systems.  The default behavior (with no options) is to
          extract into the current directory (and subdirectories below it) all
          files from the specified ZIP archive.  A companion program, zip(1L),
          creates ZIP archives; both programs are compatible with archives
          created by PKWARE's PKZIP and PKUNZIP for MS-DOS, but in many cases
          the program options or default behaviors differ.

     ARGUMENTS
          file[.zip]
               Path of the ZIP archive(s).  If the file specification is a
               wildcard, each matching file is processed in an order determined
               by the operating system (or file system).  Only the filename can
               be a wildcard; the path itself cannot.  Wildcard expressions are
               similar to those supported in commonly used Unix shells (sh, ksh,
               csh) and may contain:

               *    matches a sequence of 0 or more characters

               ?    matches exactly 1 character

               [...]
                    matches any single character found inside the brackets;
                    ranges are specified by a beginning character, a hyphen, and
                    an ending character.  If an exclamation point or a caret
                    (`!' or `^') follows the left bracket, then the range of
                    characters within the brackets is complemented (that is,
                    anything except the characters inside the brackets is
                    considered a match).  To specify a verbatim left bracket,
                    the three-character sequence ``[[]'' has to be used.

               (Be sure to quote any character that might otherwise be
               interpreted or modified by the operating system, particularly
               under Unix and VMS.)  If no matches are found, the specification
               is assumed to be a literal filename; and if that also fails, the
               suffix .zip is appended.  Note that self-extracting ZIP files are
               supported, as with any other ZIP archive; just specify the .exe
               suffix (if any) explicitly.

          [file(s)]
               An optional list of archive members to be processed, separated by
               spaces.  (VMS versions compiled with VMSCLI defined must delimit
               files with commas instead.  See -v in OPTIONS below.) Regular

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               expressions (wildcards) may be used to match multiple members;
               see above.  Again, be sure to quote expressions that would
               otherwise be expanded or modified by the operating system.

          [-x xfile(s)]
               An optional list of archive members to be excluded from
               processing.  Since wildcard characters normally match (`/')
               directory separators (for exceptions see the option -W), this
               option may be used to exclude any files that are in
               subdirectories.  For example, ``unzip foo *.[ch] -x */*'' would
               extract all C source files in the main directory, but none in any
               subdirectories.  Without the -x option, all C source files in all
               directories within the zipfile would be extracted.

          [-d exdir]
               An optional directory to which to extract files.  By default, all
               files and subdirectories are recreated in the current directory;
               the -d option allows extraction in an arbitrary directory (always
               assuming one has permission to write to the directory).  This
               option need not appear at the end of the command line; it is also
               accepted before the zipfile specification (with the normal
               options), immediately after the zipfile specification, or between
               the file(s) and the -x option.  The option and directory may be
               concatenated without any white space between them, but note that
               this may cause normal shell behavior to be suppressed.  In
               particular, ``-d ~'' (tilde) is expanded by Unix C shells into
               the name of the user's home directory, but ``-d~'' is treated as
               a literal subdirectory ``~'' of the current directory.

     OPTIONS
          Note that, in order to support obsolescent hardware, unzip's usage
          screen is limited to 22 or 23 lines and should therefore be considered
          only a reminder of the basic unzip syntax rather than an exhaustive
          list of all possible flags.  The exhaustive list follows:

          -Z   zipinfo(1L) mode.  If the first option on the command line is -Z,
               the remaining options are taken to be zipinfo(1L) options.  See
               the appropriate manual page for a description of these options.

          -A   [OS/2, Unix DLL] print extended help for the DLL's programming
               interface (API).

          -c   extract files to stdout/screen (``CRT'').  This option is similar
               to the -p option except that the name of each file is printed as
               it is extracted, the -a option is allowed, and ASCII-EBCDIC
               conversion is automatically performed if appropriate.  This
               option is not listed in the unzip usage screen.

          -f   freshen existing files, i.e., extract only those files that
               already exist on disk and that are newer than the disk copies.
               By default unzip queries before overwriting, but the -o option

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               may be used to suppress the queries.  Note that under many
               operating systems, the TZ (timezone) environment variable must be
               set correctly in order for -f and -u to work properly (under Unix
               the variable is usually set automatically).  The reasons for this
               are somewhat subtle but have to do with the differences between
               DOS-format file times (always local time) and Unix-format times
               (always in GMT/UTC) and the necessity to compare the two.  A
               typical TZ value is ``PST8PDT'' (US Pacific time with automatic
               adjustment for Daylight Savings Time or ``summer time'').

          -l   list archive files (short format).  The names, uncompressed file
               sizes and modification dates and times of the specified files are
               printed, along with totals for all files specified.  If UnZip was
               compiled with OS2_EAS defined, the -l option also lists columns
               for the sizes of stored OS/2 extended attributes (EAs) and OS/2
               access control lists (ACLs).  In addition, the zipfile comment
               and individual file comments (if any) are displayed.  If a file
               was archived from a single-case file system (for example, the old
               MS-DOS FAT file system) and the -L option was given, the filename
               is converted to lowercase and is prefixed with a caret (^).

          -p   extract files to pipe (stdout).  Nothing but the file data is
               sent to stdout, and the files are always extracted in binary
               format, just as they are stored (no conversions).

          -t   test archive files.  This option extracts each specified file in
               memory and compares the CRC (cyclic redundancy check, an enhanced
               checksum) of the expanded file with the original file's stored
               CRC value.

          -T   [most OSes] set the timestamp on the archive(s) to that of the
               newest file in each one.  This corresponds to zip's -go option
               except that it can be used on wildcard zipfiles (e.g., ``unzip -T
               \*.zip'') and is much faster.

          -u   update existing files and create new ones if needed.  This option
               performs the same function as the -f option, extracting (with
               query) files that are newer than those with the same name on
               disk, and in addition it extracts those files that do not already
               exist on disk.  See -f above for information on setting the
               timezone properly.

          -v   list archive files (verbose format) or show diagnostic version
               info.  This option has evolved and now behaves as both an option
               and a modifier.  As an option it has two purposes:  when a
               zipfile is specified with no other options, -v lists archive
               files verbosely, adding to the basic -l info the compression
               method, compressed size, compression ratio and 32-bit CRC.  In
               contrast to most of the competing utilities, unzip removes the 12
               additional header bytes of encrypted entries from the compressed
               size numbers.  Therefore, compressed size and compression ratio

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               figures are independent of the entry's encryption status and show
               the correct compression performance.  (The complete size of the
               encrypted compressed data stream for zipfile entries is reported
               by the more verbose zipinfo(1L) reports, see the separate
               manual.) When no zipfile is specified (that is, the complete
               command is simply ``unzip -v''), a diagnostic screen is printed.
               In addition to the normal header with release date and version,
               unzip lists the home Info-ZIP ftp site and where to find a list
               of other ftp and non-ftp sites; the target operating system for
               which it was compiled, as well as (possibly) the hardware on
               which it was compiled, the compiler and version used, and the
               compilation date; any special compilation options that might
               affect the program's operation (see also DECRYPTION below); and
               any options stored in environment variables that might do the
               same (see ENVIRONMENT OPTIONS below).  As a modifier it works in
               conjunction with other options (e.g., -t) to produce more verbose
               or debugging output; this is not yet fully implemented but will
               be in future releases.

          -z   display only the archive comment.

     MODIFIERS
          -a   convert text files.  Ordinarily all files are extracted exactly
               as they are stored (as ``binary'' files).  The -a option causes
               files identified by zip as text files (those with the `t' label
               in zipinfo listings, rather than `b') to be automatically
               extracted as such, converting line endings, end-of-file
               characters and the character set itself as necessary.  (For
               example, Unix files use line feeds (LFs) for end-of-line (EOL)
               and have no end-of-file (EOF) marker; Macintoshes use carriage
               returns (CRs) for EOLs; and most PC operating systems use CR+LF
               for EOLs and control-Z for EOF.  In addition, IBM mainframes and
               the Michigan Terminal System use EBCDIC rather than the more
               common ASCII character set, and NT supports Unicode.) Note that
               zip's identification of text files is by no means perfect; some
               ``text'' files may actually be binary and vice versa.  unzip
               therefore prints ``[text]'' or ``[binary]'' as a visual check for
               each file it extracts when using the -a option.  The -aa option
               forces all files to be extracted as text, regardless of the
               supposed file type.  On VMS, see also -S.

          -b   [general] treat all files as binary (no text conversions).  This
               is a shortcut for ---a.

          -b   [Tandem] force the creation files with filecode type 180 ('C')
               when extracting Zip entries marked as "text". (On Tandem, -a is
               enabled by default, see above).

          -b   [VMS] auto-convert binary files (see -a above) to fixed-length,
               512-byte record format.  Doubling the option (-bb) forces all
               files to be extracted in this format. When extracting to standard

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               output (-c or -p option in effect), the default conversion of
               text record delimiters is disabled for binary (-b) resp. all
               (-bb) files.

          -B   [when compiled with UNIXBACKUP defined] save a backup copy of
               each overwritten file. The backup file is gets the name of the
               target file with a tilde and optionally a unique sequence number
               (up to 5 digits) appended.  The sequence number is applied
               whenever another file with the original name plus tilde already
               exists.  When used together with the "overwrite all" option -o,
               numbered backup files are never created. In this case, all backup
               files are named as the original file with an appended tilde,
               existing backup files are deleted without notice.  This feature
               works similarly to the default behavior of emacs(1) in many
               locations.

               Example: the old copy of ``foo'' is renamed to ``foo~''.

               Warning: Users should be aware that the -B option does not
               prevent loss of existing data under all circumstances.  For
               example, when unzip is run in overwrite-all mode, an existing
               ``foo~'' file is deleted before unzip attempts to rename ``foo''
               to ``foo~''.  When this rename attempt fails (because of a file
               locks, insufficient privileges, or ...), the extraction of
               ``foo~'' gets cancelled, but the old backup file is already lost.
               A similar scenario takes place when the sequence number range for
               numbered backup files gets exhausted (99999, or 65535 for 16-bit
               systems).  In this case, the backup file with the maximum
               sequence number is deleted and replaced by the new backup version
               without notice.

          -C   use case-insensitive matching for the selection of archive
               entries from the command-line list of extract selection patterns.
               unzip's philosophy is ``you get what you ask for'' (this is also
               responsible for the -L/-U change; see the relevant options
               below).  Because some file systems are fully case-sensitive
               (notably those under the Unix operating system) and because both
               ZIP archives and unzip itself are portable across platforms,
               unzip's default behavior is to match both wildcard and literal
               filenames case-sensitively.  That is, specifying ``makefile'' on
               the command line will only match ``makefile'' in the archive, not
               ``Makefile'' or ``MAKEFILE'' (and similarly for wildcard
               specifications).  Since this does not correspond to the behavior
               of many other operating/file systems (for example, OS/2 HPFS,
               which preserves mixed case but is not sensitive to it), the -C
               option may be used to force all filename matches to be case-
               insensitive.  In the example above, all three files would then
               match ``makefile'' (or ``make*'', or similar).  The -C option
               affects file specs in both the normal file list and the
               excluded-file list (xlist).

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               Please note that the -C option does neither affect the search for
               the zipfile(s) nor the matching of archive entries to existing
               files on the extraction path.  On a case-sensitive file system,
               unzip will never try to overwrite a file ``FOO'' when extracting
               an entry ``foo''!

          -D   skip restoration of timestamps for extracted items.  Normally,
               unzip tries to restore all meta-information for extracted items
               that are supplied in the Zip archive (and do not require
               privileges or impose a security risk).  By specifying -D, unzip
               is told to suppress restoration of timestamps for directories
               explicitly created from Zip archive entries.  This option only
               applies to ports that support setting timestamps for directories
               (currently ATheOS, BeOS, MacOS, OS/2, Unix, VMS, Win32, for other
               unzip ports, -D has no effect).  The duplicated option -DD forces
               suppression of timestamp restoration for all extracted entries
               (files and directories).  This option results in setting the
               timestamps for all extracted entries to the current time.

               On VMS, the default setting for this option is -D for consistency
               with the behaviour of BACKUP: file timestamps are restored,
               timestamps of extracted directories are left at the current time.
               To enable restoration of directory timestamps, the negated option
               --D should be specified.  On VMS, the option -D disables
               timestamp restoration for all extracted Zip archive items.
               (Here, a single -D on the command line combines with the default
               -D to do what an explicit -DD does on other systems.)

          -E   [MacOS only] display contents of MacOS extra field during restore
               operation.

          -F   [Acorn only] suppress removal of NFS filetype extension from
               stored filenames.

          -F   [non-Acorn systems supporting long filenames with embedded
               commas, and only if compiled with ACORN_FTYPE_NFS defined]
               translate filetype information from ACORN RISC OS extra field
               blocks into a NFS filetype extension and append it to the names
               of the extracted files.  (When the stored filename appears to
               already have an appended NFS filetype extension, it is replaced
               by the info from the extra field.)

          -i   [MacOS only] ignore filenames stored in MacOS extra fields.
               Instead, the most compatible filename stored in the generic part
               of the entry's header is used.

          -j   junk paths.  The archive's directory structure is not recreated;
               all files are deposited in the extraction directory (by default,
               the current one).

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          -J   [BeOS only] junk file attributes.  The file's BeOS file
               attributes are not restored, just the file's data.

          -J   [MacOS only] ignore MacOS extra fields.  All Macintosh specific
               info is skipped. Data-fork and resource-fork are restored as
               separate files.

          -K   [AtheOS, BeOS, Unix only] retain SUID/SGID/Tacky file attributes.
               Without this flag, these attribute bits are cleared for security
               reasons.

          -L   convert to lowercase any filename originating on an uppercase-
               only operating system or file system.  (This was unzip's default
               behavior in releases prior to 5.11; the new default behavior is
               identical to the old behavior with the -U option, which is now
               obsolete and will be removed in a future release.)  Depending on
               the archiver, files archived under single-case file systems (VMS,
               old MS-DOS FAT, etc.) may be stored as all-uppercase names; this
               can be ugly or inconvenient when extracting to a case-preserving
               file system such as OS/2 HPFS or a case-sensitive one such as
               under Unix.  By default unzip lists and extracts such filenames
               exactly as they're stored (excepting truncation, conversion of
               unsupported characters, etc.); this option causes the names of
               all files from certain systems to be converted to lowercase.  The
               -LL option forces conversion of every filename to lowercase,
               regardless of the originating file system.

          -M   pipe all output through an internal pager similar to the Unix
               more(1) command.  At the end of a screenful of output, unzip
               pauses with a ``--More--'' prompt; the next screenful may be
               viewed by pressing the Enter (Return) key or the space bar.
               unzip can be terminated by pressing the ``q'' key and, on some
               systems, the Enter/Return key.  Unlike Unix more(1), there is no
               forward-searching or editing capability.  Also, unzip doesn't
               notice if long lines wrap at the edge of the screen, effectively
               resulting in the printing of two or more lines and the likelihood
               that some text will scroll off the top of the screen before being
               viewed.  On some systems the number of available lines on the
               screen is not detected, in which case unzip assumes the height is
               24 lines.

          -n   never overwrite existing files.  If a file already exists, skip
               the extraction of that file without prompting.  By default unzip
               queries before extracting any file that already exists; the user
               may choose to overwrite only the current file, overwrite all
               files, skip extraction of the current file, skip extraction of
               all existing files, or rename the current file.

          -N   [Amiga] extract file comments as Amiga filenotes.  File comments
               are created with the -c option of zip(1L), or with the -N option
               of the Amiga port of zip(1L), which stores filenotes as comments.

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          -o   overwrite existing files without prompting.  This is a dangerous
               option, so use it with care.  (It is often used with -f, however,
               and is the only way to overwrite directory EAs under OS/2.)

          -P password
               use password to decrypt encrypted zipfile entries (if any).  THIS
               IS INSECURE!  Many multi-user operating systems provide ways for
               any user to see the current command line of any other user; even
               on stand-alone systems there is always the threat of over-the-
               shoulder peeking.  Storing the plaintext password as part of a
               command line in an automated script is even worse.  Whenever
               possible, use the non-echoing, interactive prompt to enter
               passwords.  (And where security is truly important, use strong
               encryption such as Pretty Good Privacy instead of the relatively
               weak encryption provided by standard zipfile utilities.)

          -q   perform operations quietly (-qq = even quieter).  Ordinarily
               unzip prints the names of the files it's extracting or testing,
               the extraction methods, any file or zipfile comments that may be
               stored in the archive, and possibly a summary when finished with
               each archive.  The -q[q] options suppress the printing of some or
               all of these messages.

          -s   [OS/2, NT, MS-DOS] convert spaces in filenames to underscores.
               Since all PC operating systems allow spaces in filenames, unzip
               by default extracts filenames with spaces intact (e.g.,
               ``EA DATA. SF'').  This can be awkward, however, since MS-DOS in
               particular does not gracefully support spaces in filenames.
               Conversion of spaces to underscores can eliminate the awkwardness
               in some cases.

          -S   [VMS] convert text files (-a, -aa) into Stream_LF record format,
               instead of the text-file default, variable-length record format.
               (Stream_LF is the default record format of VMS unzip. It is
               applied unless conversion (-a, -aa and/or -b, -bb) is requested
               or a VMS-specific entry is processed.)

          -U   [UNICODE_SUPPORT only] modify or disable UTF-8 handling.  When
               UNICODE_SUPPORT is available, the option -U forces unzip to
               escape all non-ASCII characters from UTF-8 coded filenames as
               ``#Uxxxx'' (for UCS-2 characters, or ``#Lxxxxxx'' for unicode
               codepoints needing 3 octets).  This option is mainly provided for
               debugging purpose when the fairly new UTF-8 support is suspected
               to mangle up extracted filenames.

               The option -UU allows to entirely disable the recognition of
               UTF-8 encoded filenames.  The handling of filename codings within
               unzip falls back to the behaviour of previous versions.

               [old, obsolete usage] leave filenames uppercase if created under
               MS-DOS, VMS, etc.  See -L above.

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          -V   retain (VMS) file version numbers.  VMS files can be stored with
               a version number, in the format file.ext;##.  By default the
               ``;##'' version numbers are stripped, but this option allows them
               to be retained.  (On file systems that limit filenames to
               particularly short lengths, the version numbers may be truncated
               or stripped regardless of this option.)

          -W   [only when WILD_STOP_AT_DIR compile-time option enabled] modifies
               the pattern matching routine so that both `?' (single-char
               wildcard) and `*' (multi-char wildcard) do not match the
               directory separator character `/'.  (The two-character sequence
               ``**'' acts as a multi-char wildcard that includes the directory
               separator in its matched characters.)  Examples:

                  "*.c" matches "foo.c" but not "mydir/foo.c"
                  "**.c" matches both "foo.c" and "mydir/foo.c"
                  "*/*.c" matches "bar/foo.c" but not "baz/bar/foo.c"
                  "??*/*" matches "ab/foo" and "abc/foo"
                          but not "a/foo" or "a/b/foo"

               This modified behaviour is equivalent to the pattern matching
               style used by the shells of some of UnZip's supported target OSs
               (one example is Acorn RISC OS).  This option may not be available
               on systems where the Zip archive's internal directory separator
               character `/' is allowed as regular character in native operating
               system filenames.  (Currently, UnZip uses the same pattern
               matching rules for both wildcard zipfile specifications and zip
               entry selection patterns in most ports.  For systems allowing `/'
               as regular filename character, the -W option would not work as
               expected on a wildcard zipfile specification.)

          -X   [VMS, Unix, OS/2, NT, Tandem] restore owner/protection info (UICs
               and ACL entries) under VMS, or user and group info (UID/GID)
               under Unix, or access control lists (ACLs) under certain
               network-enabled versions of OS/2 (Warp Server with IBM LAN
               Server/Requester 3.0 to 5.0; Warp Connect with IBM Peer 1.0), or
               security ACLs under Windows NT.  In most cases this will require
               special system privileges, and doubling the option (-XX) under NT
               instructs unzip to use privileges for extraction; but under Unix,
               for example, a user who belongs to several groups can restore
               files owned by any of those groups, as long as the user IDs match
               his or her own.  Note that ordinary file attributes are always
               restored--this option applies only to optional, extra ownership
               info available on some operating systems.  [NT's access control
               lists do not appear to be especially compatible with OS/2's, so
               no attempt is made at cross-platform portability of access
               privileges.  It is not clear under what conditions this would
               ever be useful anyway.]

          -Y   [VMS] treat archived file name endings of ``.nnn'' (where ``nnn''
               is a decimal  number) as if they were VMS version numbers

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               (``;nnn'').  (The default is to treat them as file types.)
               Example:
                        "a.b.3" -> "a.b;3".

          -$   [MS-DOS, OS/2, NT] restore the volume label if the extraction
               medium is removable (e.g., a diskette).  Doubling the option
               (-$$) allows fixed media (hard disks) to be labelled as well.  By
               default, volume labels are ignored.

          -/ extensions
               [Acorn only] overrides the extension list supplied by Unzip$Ext
               environment variable. During extraction, filename extensions that
               match one of the items in this extension list are swapped in
               front of the base name of the extracted file.

          -:   [all but Acorn, VM/CMS, MVS, Tandem] allows to extract archive
               members into locations outside of the current `` extraction root
               folder''. For security reasons, unzip normally removes ``parent
               dir'' path components (``../'') from the names of extracted file.
               This safety feature (new for version 5.50) prevents unzip from
               accidentally writing files to ``sensitive'' areas outside the
               active extraction folder tree head.  The -: option lets unzip
               switch back to its previous, more liberal behaviour, to allow
               exact extraction of (older) archives that used ``../'' components
               to create multiple directory trees at the level of the current
               extraction folder.  This option does not enable writing
               explicitly to the root directory (``/'').  To achieve this, it is
               necessary to set the extraction target folder to root (e.g. -d /
               ).  However, when the -: option is specified, it is still
               possible to implicitly write to the root directory by specifying
               enough ``../'' path components within the zip archive.  Use this
               option with extreme caution.

          -^   [Unix only] allow control characters in names of extracted ZIP
               archive entries.  On Unix, a file name may contain any (8-bit)
               character code with the two exception '/' (directory delimiter)
               and NUL (0x00, the C string termination indicator), unless the
               specific file system has more restrictive conventions.
               Generally, this allows to embed ASCII control characters (or even
               sophisticated control sequences) in file names, at least on
               'native' Unix file systems.  However, it may be highly suspicious
               to make use of this Unix "feature".  Embedded control characters
               in file names might have nasty side effects when displayed on
               screen by some listing code without sufficient filtering.  And,
               for ordinary users, it may be difficult to handle such file names
               (e.g. when trying to specify it for open, copy, move, or delete
               operations).  Therefore, unzip applies a filter by default that
               removes potentially dangerous control characters from the
               extracted file names. The -^ option allows to override this
               filter in the rare case that embedded filename control characters
               are to be intentionally restored.

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          -2   [VMS] force unconditionally conversion of file names to ODS2-
               compatible names.  The default is to exploit the destination file
               system, preserving case and extended file name characters on an
               ODS5 destination file system; and applying the ODS2-compatibility
               file name filtering on an ODS2 destination file system.

     ENVIRONMENT OPTIONS
          unzip's default behavior may be modified via options placed in an
          environment variable.  This can be done with any option, but it is
          probably most useful with the -a, -L, -C, -q, -o, or -n modifiers:
          make unzip auto-convert text files by default, make it convert
          filenames from uppercase systems to lowercase, make it match names
          case-insensitively, make it quieter, or make it always overwrite or
          never overwrite files as it extracts them.  For example, to make unzip
          act as quietly as possible, only reporting errors, one would use one
          of the following commands:

            Unix Bourne shell:
               UNZIP=-qq; export UNZIP

            Unix C shell:
               setenv UNZIP -qq

            OS/2 or MS-DOS:
               set UNZIP=-qq

            VMS (quotes for lowercase):
               define UNZIP_OPTS "-qq"

          Environment options are, in effect, considered to be just like any
          other command-line options, except that they are effectively the first
          options on the command line.  To override an environment option, one
          may use the ``minus operator'' to remove it.  For instance, to
          override one of the quiet-flags in the example above, use the command

              unzip --q[other options] zipfile

          The first hyphen is the normal switch character, and the second is a
          minus sign, acting on the q option.  Thus the effect here is to cancel
          one quantum of quietness.  To cancel both quiet flags, two (or more)
          minuses may be used:

              unzip -t--q zipfile
              unzip ---qt zipfile

          (the two are equivalent).  This may seem awkward or confusing, but it
          is reasonably intuitive:  just ignore the first hyphen and go from
          there.  It is also consistent with the behavior of Unix nice(1).

          As suggested by the examples above, the default variable names are
          UNZIP_OPTS for VMS (where the symbol used to install unzip as a

                                       - 11 -        Formatted:  August 16, 2017

     UNZIP(1L)                        Info-ZIP                         UNZIP(1L)
                                20 April 2009 (v6.0)

          foreign command would otherwise be confused with the environment
          variable), and UNZIP for all other operating systems.  For
          compatibility with zip(1L), UNZIPOPT is also accepted (don't ask).  If
          both UNZIP and UNZIPOPT are defined, however, UNZIP takes precedence.
          unzip's diagnostic option (-v with no zipfile name) can be used to
          check the values of all four possible unzip and zipinfo environment
          variables.

          The timezone variable (TZ) should be set according to the local
          timezone in order for the -f and -u to operate correctly.  See the
          description of -f above for details.  This variable may also be
          necessary to get timestamps of extracted files to be set correctly.
          The WIN32 (Win9x/ME/NT4/2K/XP/2K3) port of unzip gets the timezone
          configuration from the registry, assuming it is correctly set in the
          Control Panel.  The TZ variable is ignored for this port.

     DECRYPTION
          Encrypted archives are fully supported by Info-ZIP software, but due
          to United States export restrictions, de-/encryption support might be
          disabled in your compiled binary.  However, since spring 2000, US
          export restrictions have been liberated, and our source archives do
          now include full crypt code.  In case you need binary distributions
          with crypt support enabled, see the file ``WHERE'' in any Info-ZIP
          source or binary distribution for locations both inside and outside
          the US.

          Some compiled versions of unzip may not support decryption.  To check
          a version for crypt support, either attempt to test or extract an
          encrypted archive, or else check unzip's diagnostic screen (see the -v
          option above) for ``[decryption]'' as one of the special compilation
          options.

          As noted above, the -P option may be used to supply a password on the
          command line, but at a cost in security.  The preferred decryption
          method is simply to extract normally; if a zipfile member is
          encrypted, unzip will prompt for the password without echoing what is
          typed.  unzip continues to use the same password as long as it appears
          to be valid, by testing a 12-byte header on each file.  The correct
          password will always check out against the header, but there is a 1-
          in-256 chance that an incorrect password will as well.  (This is a
          security feature of the PKWARE zipfile format; it helps prevent
          brute-force attacks that might otherwise gain a large speed advantage
          by testing only the header.)  In the case that an incorrect password
          is given but it passes the header test anyway, either an incorrect CRC
          will be generated for the extracted data or else unzip will fail
          during the extraction because the ``decrypted'' bytes do not
          constitute a valid compressed data stream.

          If the first password fails the header check on some file, unzip will
          prompt for another password, and so on until all files are extracted.
          If a password is not known, entering a null password (that is, just a

                                       - 12 -        Formatted:  August 16, 2017

     UNZIP(1L)                        Info-ZIP                         UNZIP(1L)
                                20 April 2009 (v6.0)

          carriage return or ``Enter'') is taken as a signal to skip all further
          prompting.  Only unencrypted files in the archive(s) will thereafter
          be extracted.  (In fact, that's not quite true; older versions of
          zip(1L) and zipcloak(1L) allowed null passwords, so unzip checks each
          encrypted file to see if the null password works.  This may result in
          ``false positives'' and extraction errors, as noted above.)

          Archives encrypted with 8-bit passwords (for example, passwords with
          accented European characters) may not be portable across systems
          and/or other archivers.  This problem stems from the use of multiple
          encoding methods for such characters, including Latin-1 (ISO 8859-1)
          and OEM code page 850.  DOS PKZIP 2.04g uses the OEM code page;
          Windows PKZIP 2.50 uses Latin-1 (and is therefore incompatible with
          DOS PKZIP); Info-ZIP uses the OEM code page on DOS, OS/2 and Win3.x
          ports but ISO coding (Latin-1 etc.) everywhere else; and Nico Mak's
          WinZip 6.x does not allow 8-bit passwords at all.  UnZip 5.3 (or
          newer) attempts to use the default character set first (e.g., Latin-
          1), followed by the alternate one (e.g., OEM code page) to test
          passwords.  On EBCDIC systems, if both of these fail, EBCDIC encoding
          will be tested as a last resort.  (EBCDIC is not tested on non-EBCDIC
          systems, because there are no known archivers that encrypt using
          EBCDIC encoding.)  ISO character encodings other than Latin-1 are not
          supported.  The new addition of (partially) Unicode (resp.  UTF-8)
          support in UnZip 6.0 has not yet been adapted to the encryption
          password handling in unzip.  On systems that use UTF-8 as native
          character encoding, unzip simply tries decryption with the native
          UTF-8 encoded password; the built-in attempts to check the password in
          translated encoding have not yet been adapted for UTF-8 support and
          will consequently fail.

     EXAMPLES
          To use unzip to extract all members of the archive letters.zip into
          the current directory and subdirectories below it, creating any
          subdirectories as necessary:

              unzip letters

          To extract all members of letters.zip into the current directory only:

              unzip -j letters

          To test letters.zip, printing only a summary message indicating
          whether the archive is OK or not:

              unzip -tq letters

          To test all zipfiles in the current directory, printing only the
          summaries:

              unzip -tq \*.zip

                                       - 13 -        Formatted:  August 16, 2017

     UNZIP(1L)                        Info-ZIP                         UNZIP(1L)
                                20 April 2009 (v6.0)

          (The backslash before the asterisk is only required if the shell
          expands wildcards, as in Unix; double quotes could have been used
          instead, as in the source examples below.)  To extract to standard
          output all members of letters.zip whose names end in .tex, auto-
          converting to the local end-of-line convention and piping the output
          into more(1):

              unzip -ca letters \*.tex | more

          To extract the binary file paper1.dvi to standard output and pipe it
          to a printing program:

              unzip -p articles paper1.dvi | dvips

          To extract all FORTRAN and C source files--*.f, *.c, *.h, and
          Makefile--into the /tmp directory:

              unzip source.zip "*.[fch]" Makefile -d /tmp

          (the double quotes are necessary only in Unix and only if globbing is
          turned on).  To extract all FORTRAN and C source files, regardless of
          case (e.g., both *.c and *.C, and any makefile, Makefile, MAKEFILE or
          similar):

              unzip -C source.zip "*.[fch]" makefile -d /tmp

          To extract any such files but convert any uppercase MS-DOS or VMS
          names to lowercase and convert the line-endings of all of the files to
          the local standard (without respect to any files that might be marked
          ``binary''):

              unzip -aaCL source.zip "*.[fch]" makefile -d /tmp

          To extract only newer versions of the files already in the current
          directory, without querying (NOTE:  be careful of unzipping in one
          timezone a zipfile created in another--ZIP archives other than those
          created by Zip 2.1 or later contain no timezone information, and a
          ``newer'' file from an eastern timezone may, in fact, be older):

              unzip -fo sources

          To extract newer versions of the files already in the current
          directory and to create any files not already there (same caveat as
          previous example):

              unzip -uo sources

          To display a diagnostic screen showing which unzip and zipinfo options
          are stored in environment variables, whether decryption support was
          compiled in, the compiler with which unzip was compiled, etc.:

                                       - 14 -        Formatted:  August 16, 2017

     UNZIP(1L)                        Info-ZIP                         UNZIP(1L)
                                20 April 2009 (v6.0)

              unzip -v

          In the last five examples, assume that UNZIP or UNZIP_OPTS is set to
          -q.  To do a singly quiet listing:

              unzip -l file.zip

          To do a doubly quiet listing:

              unzip -ql file.zip

          (Note that the ``.zip'' is generally not necessary.)  To do a standard
          listing:

              unzip --ql file.zip
          or
              unzip -l-q file.zip
          or
              unzip -l--q file.zip
          (Extra minuses in options don't hurt.)

     TIPS
          The current maintainer, being a lazy sort, finds it very useful to
          define a pair of aliases:  tt for ``unzip -tq'' and ii for ``unzip
          -Z'' (or ``zipinfo'').  One may then simply type ``tt zipfile'' to
          test an archive, something that is worth making a habit of doing.
          With luck unzip will report ``No errors detected in compressed data of
          zipfile.zip,'' after which one may breathe a sigh of relief.

          The maintainer also finds it useful to set the UNZIP environment
          variable to ``-aL'' and is tempted to add ``-C'' as well.  His ZIPINFO
          variable is set to ``-z''.

     DIAGNOSTICS
          The exit status (or error level) approximates the exit codes defined
          by PKWARE and takes on the following values, except under VMS:

               0    normal; no errors or warnings detected.

               1    one or more warning errors were encountered, but processing
                    completed successfully anyway.  This includes zipfiles where
                    one or more files was skipped due to unsupported compression
                    method or encryption with an unknown password.

               2    a generic error in the zipfile format was detected.
                    Processing may have completed successfully anyway; some
                    broken zipfiles created by other archivers have simple
                    work-arounds.

               3    a severe error in the zipfile format was detected.
                    Processing probably failed immediately.

                                       - 15 -        Formatted:  August 16, 2017

     UNZIP(1L)                        Info-ZIP                         UNZIP(1L)
                                20 April 2009 (v6.0)

               4    unzip was unable to allocate memory for one or more buffers
                    during program initialization.

               5    unzip was unable to allocate memory or unable to obtain a
                    tty to read the decryption password(s).

               6    unzip was unable to allocate memory during decompression to
                    disk.

               7    unzip was unable to allocate memory during in-memory
                    decompression.

               8    [currently not used]

               9    the specified zipfiles were not found.

               10   invalid options were specified on the command line.

               11   no matching files were found.

               50   the disk is (or was) full during extraction.

               51   the end of the ZIP archive was encountered prematurely.

               80   the user aborted unzip prematurely with control-C (or
                    similar)

               81   testing or extraction of one or more files failed due to
                    unsupported compression methods or unsupported decryption.

               82   no files were found due to bad decryption password(s).  (If
                    even one file is successfully processed, however, the exit
                    status is 1.)

          VMS interprets standard Unix (or PC) return values as other, scarier-
          looking things, so unzip instead maps them into VMS-style status
          codes.  The current mapping is as follows:   1 (success) for normal
          exit, 0x7fff0001 for warning errors, and (0x7fff000? +
          16*normal_unzip_exit_status) for all other errors, where the `?' is 2
          (error) for unzip values 2, 9-11 and 80-82, and 4 (fatal error) for
          the remaining ones (3-8, 50, 51).  In addition, there is a compilation
          option to expand upon this behavior:  defining RETURN_CODES results in
          a human-readable explanation of what the error status means.

     BUGS
          Multi-part archives are not yet supported, except in conjunction with
          zip.  (All parts must be concatenated together in order, and then
          ``zip -F'' (for zip 2.x) or ``zip -FF'' (for zip 3.x) must be
          performed on the concatenated archive in order to ``fix'' it.  Also,
          zip 3.0 and later can combine multi-part (split) archives into a
          combined single-file archive using ``zip -s- inarchive -O

                                       - 16 -        Formatted:  August 16, 2017

     UNZIP(1L)                        Info-ZIP                         UNZIP(1L)
                                20 April 2009 (v6.0)

          outarchive''.  See the zip 3 manual page for more information.) This
          will definitely be corrected in the next major release.

          Archives read from standard input are not yet supported, except with
          funzip (and then only the first member of the archive can be
          extracted).

          Archives encrypted with 8-bit passwords (e.g., passwords with accented
          European characters) may not be portable across systems and/or other
          archivers.  See the discussion in DECRYPTION above.

          unzip's -M (``more'') option tries to take into account automatic
          wrapping of long lines. However, the code may fail to detect the
          correct wrapping locations. First, TAB characters (and similar control
          sequences) are not taken into account, they are handled as ordinary
          printable characters.  Second, depending on the actual system / OS
          port, unzip may not detect the true screen geometry but rather rely on
          "commonly used" default dimensions.  The correct handling of tabs
          would require the implementation of a query for the actual tabulator
          setup on the output console.

          Dates, times and permissions of stored directories are not restored
          except under Unix. (On Windows NT and successors, timestamps are now
          restored.)

          [MS-DOS] When extracting or testing files from an archive on a
          defective floppy diskette, if the ``Fail'' option is chosen from DOS's
          ``Abort, Retry, Fail?'' message, older versions of unzip may hang the
          system, requiring a reboot.  This problem appears to be fixed, but
          control-C (or control-Break) can still be used to terminate unzip.

          Under DEC Ultrix, unzip would sometimes fail on long zipfiles (bad
          CRC, not always reproducible).  This was apparently due either to a
          hardware bug (cache memory) or an operating system bug (improper
          handling of page faults?).  Since Ultrix has been abandoned in favor
          of Digital Unix (OSF/1), this may not be an issue anymore.

          [Unix] Unix special files such as FIFO buffers (named pipes), block
          devices and character devices are not restored even if they are
          somehow represented in the zipfile, nor are hard-linked files
          relinked.  Basically the only file types restored by unzip are regular
          files, directories and symbolic (soft) links.

          [OS/2] Extended attributes for existing directories are only updated
          if the -o (``overwrite all'') option is given.  This is a limitation
          of the operating system; because directories only have a creation time
          associated with them, unzip has no way to determine whether the stored
          attributes are newer or older than those on disk.  In practice this
          may mean a two-pass approach is required:  first unpack the archive
          normally (with or without freshening/updating existing files), then
          overwrite just the directory entries (e.g., ``unzip -o foo */'').

                                       - 17 -        Formatted:  August 16, 2017

     UNZIP(1L)                        Info-ZIP                         UNZIP(1L)
                                20 April 2009 (v6.0)

          [VMS] When extracting to another directory, only the [.foo] syntax is
          accepted for the -d option; the simple Unix foo syntax is silently
          ignored (as is the less common VMS foo.dir syntax).

          [VMS] When the file being extracted already exists, unzip's query only
          allows skipping, overwriting or renaming; there should additionally be
          a choice for creating a new version of the file.  In fact, the
          ``overwrite'' choice does create a new version; the old version is not
          overwritten or deleted.

     SEE ALSO
          funzip(1L), zip(1L), zipcloak(1L), zipgrep(1L), zipinfo(1L),
          zipnote(1L), zipsplit(1L)

     URL
          The Info-ZIP home page is currently at
              http://www.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/
          or
              ftp://ftp.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/ .

     AUTHORS
          The primary Info-ZIP authors (current semi-active members of the Zip-
          Bugs workgroup) are:  Ed Gordon (Zip, general maintenance, shared
          code, Zip64, Win32, Unix, Unicode); Christian Spieler (UnZip
          maintenance coordination, VMS, MS-DOS, Win32, shared code, general Zip
          and UnZip integration and optimization); Onno van der Linden (Zip);
          Mike White (Win32, Windows GUI, Windows DLLs); Kai Uwe Rommel (OS/2,
          Win32); Steven M. Schweda (VMS, Unix, support of new features); Paul
          Kienitz (Amiga, Win32, Unicode); Chris Herborth (BeOS, QNX, Atari);
          Jonathan Hudson (SMS/QDOS); Sergio Monesi (Acorn RISC OS); Harald
          Denker (Atari, MVS); John Bush (Solaris, Amiga); Hunter Goatley (VMS,
          Info-ZIP Site maintenance); Steve Salisbury (Win32); Steve Miller
          (Windows CE GUI), Johnny Lee (MS-DOS, Win32, Zip64); and Dave Smith
          (Tandem NSK).

          The following people were former members of the Info-ZIP development
          group and provided major contributions to key parts of the current
          code: Greg ``Cave Newt'' Roelofs (UnZip, unshrink decompression);
          Jean-loup Gailly (deflate compression); Mark Adler (inflate
          decompression, fUnZip).

          The author of the original unzip code upon which Info-ZIP's was based
          is Samuel H. Smith; Carl Mascott did the first Unix port; and David P.
          Kirschbaum organized and led Info-ZIP in its early days with Keith
          Petersen hosting the original mailing list at WSMR-SimTel20.  The full
          list of contributors to UnZip has grown quite large; please refer to
          the CONTRIBS file in the UnZip source distribution for a relatively
          complete version.

     VERSIONS

                                       - 18 -        Formatted:  August 16, 2017

     UNZIP(1L)                        Info-ZIP                         UNZIP(1L)
                                20 April 2009 (v6.0)

          v1.2   15 Mar 89   Samuel H. Smith
          v2.0    9 Sep 89   Samuel H. Smith
          v2.x   fall 1989   many Usenet contributors
          v3.0    1 May 90   Info-ZIP (DPK, consolidator)
          v3.1   15 Aug 90   Info-ZIP (DPK, consolidator)
          v4.0    1 Dec 90   Info-ZIP (GRR, maintainer)
          v4.1   12 May 91   Info-ZIP
          v4.2   20 Mar 92   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
          v5.0   21 Aug 92   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
          v5.01  15 Jan 93   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
          v5.1    7 Feb 94   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
          v5.11   2 Aug 94   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
          v5.12  28 Aug 94   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
          v5.2   30 Apr 96   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
          v5.3   22 Apr 97   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
          v5.31  31 May 97   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
          v5.32   3 Nov 97   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
          v5.4   28 Nov 98   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
          v5.41  16 Apr 00   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
          v5.42  14 Jan 01   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
          v5.5   17 Feb 02   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
          v5.51  22 May 04   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
          v5.52  28 Feb 05   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
          v6.0   20 Apr 09   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)

                                       - 19 -        Formatted:  August 16, 2017