Contents for WINS Administrator Help
Contents for WINS Manager Help

How To

 Administering WINS Servers

 Configuring WINS Servers and Replication Partners

 Managing Static Mappings for WINS Servers

 Managing the WINS Database

 Setting Preferences for WINS Manager

Commands

 Server Menu Commands

 Mappings Menu Commands

 Options Menu Commands

 View Menu Commands


Contents -- All Topics
Contents for WINS Manager Help

How To

 Administering WINS Servers

 Introduction to Using WINS Servers

 Starting and Stopping the WINS Service

 Administering WINS Servers

 Connecting to a WINS Server

 Statistics in WINS Manager

 Displaying Information in WINS Administration

 Configuring WINS Servers and Replication Partners

 Configuring WINS Servers

 Configuring Replication Partners

 Configuring Replication Partner Properties

 Adding a Replication Partner for a WINS Server

 Triggering Replication Between Partners

 Managing Static Mappings for WINS Servers

 Editing Static Mappings

 Adding Static Mappings

 Adding Static Mappings by Typing Entries

 Filtering the Range of Mappings

 Importing Entries for Static Mappings

 Using Type Options

 Managing the WINS Database

 Scavenging the Database

 Backing Up and Restoring the Database

 Viewing the WINS Database

 Setting Preferences for WINS Manager

 Setting Preferences for WINS Manager

Commands

 Server Menu Commands

 Add WINS Server

 Delete WINS Server

 Detailed Information

 Configuration

 Replication Partners

 Exit

 Mappings Menu Commands

 Show Database

 Initiate Scavenging

 Static Mappings

 Backup Database

 Restore Database

 Options Menu Commands

 Preferences

 Status Bar

 Split

 View Menu Commands

 Clear Statistics

 Refresh Statistics


Contents for WINS Manager Help

How To

 Administering WINS Servers

 Introduction to Using WINS Servers

 Starting and Stopping the WINS Service

 Administering WINS Servers

 Connecting to a WINS Server

 Statistics in WINS Manager

 Displaying Information in WINS Administration

 Configuring WINS Servers and Replication Partners

 Managing Static Mappings for WINS Servers

 Managing the WINS Database

 Setting Preferences for WINS Manager

Commands

 Server Menu Commands

 Mappings Menu Commands

 Options Menu Commands

 View Menu Commands


Contents for WINS Manager Help

How To

 Administering WINS Servers

 Configuring WINS Servers and Replication Partners

 Configuring WINS Servers

 Configuring Replication Partners

 Configuring Replication Partner Properties

 Adding a Replication Partner for a WINS Server

 Triggering Replication Between Partners

 Managing Static Mappings for WINS Servers

 Managing the WINS Database

 Setting Preferences for WINS Manager

Commands

 Server Menu Commands

 Mappings Menu Commands

 Options Menu Commands

 View Menu Commands


Contents for WINS Manager Help

How To

 Administering WINS Servers

 Configuring WINS Servers and Replication Partners

 Managing Static Mappings for WINS Servers

 Editing Static Mappings

 Adding Static Mappings

 Adding Static Mappings by Typing Entries

 Filtering the Range of Mappings

 Importing Entries for Static Mappings

 Using Type Options

 Managing the WINS Database

 Setting Preferences for WINS Manager

Commands

 Server Menu Commands

 Mappings Menu Commands

 Options Menu Commands

 View Menu Commands


Contents for WINS Manager Help

How To

 Administering WINS Servers

 Configuring WINS Servers and Replication Partners

 Managing Static Mappings for WINS Servers

 Managing the WINS Database

 Scavenging the Database

 Backing Up and Restoring the Database

 Viewing the WINS Database

 Setting Preferences for WINS Manager

Commands

 Server Menu Commands

 Mappings Menu Commands

 Options Menu Commands

 View Menu Commands


Contents for WINS Manager Help

How To

 Administering WINS Servers

 Configuring WINS Servers and Replication Partners

 Managing Static Mappings for WINS Servers

 Managing the WINS Database

 Setting Preferences for WINS Manager

 Setting Preferences for WINS Manager

Commands

 Server Menu Commands

 Mappings Menu Commands

 Options Menu Commands

 View Menu Commands


Contents for WINS Manager Help

How To

 Administering WINS Servers

 Configuring WINS Servers and Replication Partners

 Managing Static Mappings for WINS Servers

 Managing the WINS Database

 Setting Preferences for WINS Manager

Commands

 Server Menu Commands

 Add WINS Server

 Delete WINS Server

 Detailed Information

 Configuration

 Replication Partners

 Exit

 Mappings Menu Commands

 Options Menu Commands

 View Menu Commands


Contents for WINS Manager Help

How To

 Administering WINS Servers

 Configuring WINS Servers and Replication Partners

 Managing Static Mappings for WINS Servers

 Managing the WINS Database

 Setting Preferences for WINS Manager

Commands

 Server Menu Commands

 Mappings Menu Commands

 Options Menu Commands

 Preferences

 Status Bar

 Split

 View Menu Commands


Contents for WINS Manager Help

How To

 Administering WINS Servers

 Configuring WINS Servers and Replication Partners

 Managing Static Mappings for WINS Servers

 Managing the WINS Database

 Setting Preferences for WINS Manager

Commands

 Server Menu Commands

 Mappings Menu Commands

 Show Database

 Initiate Scavenging

 Static Mappings

 Backup Database

 Restore Database

 Options Menu Commands

 View Menu Commands


Contents for WINS Manager Help

How To

 Administering WINS Servers

 Configuring WINS Servers and Replication Partners

 Managing Static Mappings for WINS Servers

 Managing the WINS Database

 Setting Preferences for WINS Manager

Commands

 Server Menu Commands

 Mappings Menu Commands

 Options Menu Commands

 View Menu Commands

 Clear Statistics

 Refresh Statistics


Refresh Statistics

Refreshes the statistical display in WINS Manager.


Status Bar

Toggles display of the status bar at the bottom of the WINS Manager window.


Delete WINS Server

Removes the selected WINS server from the list in the WINS Manager window.


Split

Allows sizing of the panes in the WINS Manager window by dragging and then clicking to indicate the pane size.


Exit

Closes WINS Manager.


Clear Statistics

Resets all statistical counters.


Introduction to Using WINS Servers

A WINS server is a Windows NT Server computer running Microsoft TCP/IP and the Windows Internet Name Service (WINS) server software. WINS servers maintain a database that maps computer names to TCP/IP addresses, allowing users to easily communicate with other computers while gaining all the benefits of TCP/IP.

A computer running the WINS server should be assigned a fixed IP address. The WINS server computer should not be a DHCP client. If the WINS server computer has more than one network adapter card, make sure the binding order of IP addresses is not disturbed.

Note:

You must be logged on as a member of the Administrator's group to install or run the WINS Manager tool. To use or configure a WINS server, you must have full administrative rights for that server.

Using WINS servers can offer these benefits on your internetwork:

Dynamic database maintenance to support computer name registration and name resolution. Although WINS provides dynamic name services, it offers a NetBIOS namespace, making it much more flexible than DNS for name resolution.

Centralized management of the computer name database and the database replication policies, alleviating the need for managing LMHOSTS files.

Dramatic reduction of IP broadcast traffic in LAN Manager internetworks, while allowing client computers to easily locate remote systems across local or wide area networks.

The ability for clients running Windows NT and Windows for Workgroups on a Windows NT Server network to browse domains on the far side of a router without a local domain controller being present on the other side of the router.

An extremely scalable design, making it a good choice for name resolution for medium to very large internetworks.

See Also

Windows Internet Name Service and Broadcast Name Resolution


Starting and Stopping the WINS Service

The WINS service is a Windows NT service running on a Windows NT server. The supporting WINS client software is automatically installed for Windows NT Server and for Windows NT computers when the basic operating system is installed.

To start and stop the WINS service on any computer

1.	In Control Panel, choose the Services icon and select the WINS service.

- Or -

In Server Manager, choose Services from the Computer menu.

2.	In the Services dialog box, select the Windows Internet Name Service, choose the Start, Stop, Pause, or Continue button, and then choose the Close button.

Pausing WINS

You can pause and continue WINS using the Services option in Control Panel or the net pause wins command at the command prompt. When paused, WINS will not accept name packets from clients. This enables a WINS administrator to prevent client from using WINS while continuing administration, replication, and scavenging of old records.


Administering WINS Servers

When you install a WINS server, the WINS Manager icon is added in Program Manager. You can use this tool to view and change parameters for any WINS server on the internetwork.

You must be logged on as a member of the Administrators group for a WINS server to configure that server.

To start WINS Manager

Double-click the WINS Manager icon in Program Manager.

 Or , at the command prompt, type start winsadmn and press Enter. You can include a WINS server name or IP address with the command; for example, start winsadmn 11.103.41.1 or start winsadmn myserver.

If the Windows Internet Name Service is running on the local computer, that WINS server is opened automatically for administration. If the Windows Internet Name Service is not running when you start WINS, the Add WINS Server dialog box appears, as described in the follow procedure.

The WINS Manager window appears when you start WINS Manager. The title bar in the WINS Manager window shows the IP address or computer name for the currently selected server, depending on whether you used the address or name to connect to the server. WINS Manager also shows some basic statistics for the selected server. Additional statistics can be displayed by choosing the Detailed Information command from the Server menu.

See Also

Connecting to a WINS Server

Statistics in WINS Manager

Displaying Information in WINS Administration


Connecting to a WINS Server

You must be logged on as a member of the Administrators group for a WINS server to configure the WINS server you are connecting to. Only one administrator can administer a particular WINS server at any moment.

Note:

If you specify an IP address when connecting to a WINS server, the connection is made using TCP/IP. If you specify a computer name, the connection is made over NetBIOS.

To connect to a WINS server for administration

In the WINS Manager window, click a WINS server name. This list contains all WINS servers that you previously connected to or that have been reported by partners of this WINS server.

Or:

1.	If you want to select a server to which you have not previously connected to, choose the Add WINS Server command from the Server menu.

2.	In the WINS Server box of the Add WINS Server dialog box, type the IP address or computer name of the WINS server you want to work with, and then choose the OK button. (You do not have to include double backslashes before the name. WINS Manager will add these for you.)

The icons in the WINS Manager window show whether the server is a push partner or pull partner for replicating the database:

 = both push partner and pull partner

 = pull partner

 = push partner

 = WINS server that is not a replication partner

See Also

Configuring WINS Servers


Statistics in WINS Administrator
Statistics in WINS Manager

The WINS Manager window displays statistics for the activities on the selected WINS server.

Choose a button to see definitions for the statistics about WINS database activities.

 Server Statistics

 Last Replication Times

 Total Queries Received

 Total Releases

 Total Registrations

See Also

Displaying Information in WINS Manager

Configuring WINS Servers


Server Statistics

Server Start Time: The date and hour when this WINS server was started.

Database Initialized: The most recent time when static mappings were imported from an external file into the database.

Statistics Cleared: The time when statistics for this WINS server were last cleared with the Clear Statistics command from the View menu.


Last Replication Times

The times at which the WINS database was last replicated.

Periodic: The last time the WINS database was replicated based on the replication interval specified in the Preferences dialog box.

Admin Trigger: The last time the WINS database was replicated because the administrator chose the Replicate Now button in the Replication Partners dialog box.

Net Update: The last time the WINS database was replicated as a result of a network request, which is a notification message from a replication partner that requests database change updates.


Total Queries Received

The number of name query request messages received by this WINS server.

Successful indicates how many names were successfully matched in the database.

Failed indicates how many names this WINS server could not resolve.


Total Releases

The number of messages received that indicate a NetBIOS application has shut itself down.

Successful indicates how many names were successfully released.

Failed indicates how many names this WINS server could not release.


Total Registrations

The number of messages received that indicate name registrations on clients.


Displaying Information in WINS Administrator
Displaying Information in WINS Manager

To refresh the statistical display in WINS Manager

From the View menu, choose the Refresh Statistics command, or press F5. Or use automatic screen refreshing, based on the interval you specified in the Preferences dialog box.

Or, from the View menu, choose the Clear Statistics command to reset all statistical counters.

To see information about the current WINS server

From the Server menu, choose the Detailed Information command.

The Detailed Information dialog box shows basic information about the connection, including the server status and the administrative rights of the currently logged on user.

 WINS Server Address

 Last Scavenging Times

 Unique Registrations

 Group Registrations

For descriptions of the related intervals, see Configuring WINS Servers.


Configuring WINS Servers

You will want to configure multiple WINS servers to increase the availability and balance the load among servers. Each WINS server must be configured with at least one other WINS server as its replication partner.

For each WINS server, you must configure threshold intervals for triggering database replication, based on a specific time, a time period, or a certain number of new records. If you designate a specific time for replication, the replication occurs only once. If a time period is specified, replication repeats at that interval.

To configure a WINS server

1.	From the Server menu, choose the Configuration command. The Configuration dialog box appears.

This command is available only if you are logged on as a member of the Administrators group for the WINS server you want to configure.

2.	For the WINS Server Configuration options, specify time intervals by typing a time or using the spin buttons, as described in the following list. The replication interval for this WINS server's pull partner is defined in the Preferences dialog box. The extinction interval, extinction timeout, and verify interval are derived from the renewal interval and the replication interval specified. The WINS server adjusts the values specified by the administrator to keep the inconsistency between a WINS server and its partners as small as possible.

Renewal Interval

Extinction Interval

Extinction Timeout

Verify Interval

3.	If you want this WINS server to pull replicas of new WINS database entries from its partners when the system is initialized or when a replication-related parameter changes, select Initial Replication in the Pull Parameters options, and then type a value for Retry Count.

The retry count is the number of times the server should attempt to connect (in case of failure) with a partner for pulling replicas. Retries are attempted at the replication interval specified in the Preferences dialog box.

4.	To inform partners of the database status when the system is initialized, select Initial Replication in the Push Parameters group. To inform partners of the database status when an address changes in a mapping record, select Replicate On Address Change.

5.	Set any Advanced WINS Server Configuration options, as described below under Advanced WINS Server Configuration Options.

6.	When you have completed all changes in the WINS Server Configuration dialog box, choose the OK button.

Note:

The file where database update operations are saved is JET.LOG. This file is used by WINS to recover data if necessary. You should back up this file when you back up other files on the WINS server.

Advanced WINS Server Configuration Options

 Logging Enabled

 Log Detailed Events

 Replicate Only with Partners

 Backup On Termination

 Migrate On/Off

 Starting Version Count

 Database Backup Path

See Also

Setting Preferences for WINS Manager


Pull Partner

A pull partner is a WINS server that pulls in replicas of database entries from its partner by requesting and then accepting replicas.


Push Partner

A push partner is a WINS server that sends update notification messages to its partner when its WINS database has changed. When its partner responds to the notification with a replication request, the push partner sends a copy of its current WINS database to the partner. For the databases on the primary and backup WINS servers to remain consistent, they must be both push and pull partners with each other. It is always a good idea for replication partners to be both push and pull partners of each other.


Configuring Replication Partners

WINS servers communicate among themselves to fully replicate their databases, ensuring that a name registered with one WINS server is eventually replicated to all other WINS servers within the internetwork. All mapping changes converge within the replication period for the entire WINS system, which is the maximum time for propagating changes to all WINS servers. All released names are propagated to all WINS servers after they become extinct, based on the interval set in WINS Manager.

Replication is carried out among replication partners, rather than each server replicating to all other servers. In the following illustration, Server1 has only Server2 as a partner, but Server2 has three partners. So, for example, Server1 gets all replicated information from Server2, but Server2 gets information from Server1, Server3, and Server4.

Replication Configuration Example for WINS Servers:

Each WINS server is a push partner or pull partner with at least one other WINS server.

Replication is triggered when a WINS server polls another server to get a replica. Polling can begin at system startup and can then repeat at the time interval specific for periodic replication. Replication is also triggered when a WINS server reaches a threshold set by the administrator, which is an update count for registrations and changes. In this case, the server notifies its partners that it has reached this threshold, and the other servers then decide to pull replicas. Additionally, the administrrator can cause a replicaction immediately or at a specified time. Replication at a specified time is a one-time only event. If the time specified has already passed, replication does not occur.

See Also

Adding a Replication Partner for a WINS Server

Configuring Replication Partner Properties

Triggering Replication Between Partners


Adding a Replication Partner for a WINS Server

To add a replication partner for a WINS server

1.	From the Server menu, choose the Replication Partners command. The Replication Partners dialog box appears.

This command is available only if you are logged on as a member of the Administrators group for the local server.

2.	In the Replication Partners dialog box, choose the Add button.

3.	In the Add dialog box, type the name or IP address of the WINS server that you want to add to the list, and then choose the OK button. If WINS Manager can find this server, it will add it to the WINS Server list in the Replication Partners dialog box.

4.	From the WINS Server list in the Replication Partners dialog box, select the server you want to configure, and then complete the actions described in Configuring Replication Partner Properties.

5.	If you want to view only push partners or pull partners, or WINS servers that are neither push partners nor pull partners, check or clear the options as follows:

Check Push Partners to display push partners for the current WINS server.

Check Pull Partners to display pull partners for the current WINS server.

Check Other to display the WINS servers that are neither push partners nor pull partners for the current WINS server.

6.	To specify replication triggers, follow the procedures described in Triggering Replication Between Partners.

7.	When you finish adding replication partners, choose the OK button.

To delete replication partners

1.	From the Server menu, choose the Replication Partners command.

2.	In the Replication Partners dialog box, select one or more servers in the WINS Server list, and then choose the Delete button, or press DEL.

WINS Manager asks you to confirm the deletion if you checked the related confirmation option in the Preference dialog box

See Also

Configuring Replication Partner Properties

Triggering Replication Between Partners


Configuring Replication Partner Properties

When you designate replication partners, you need to specify parameters for push partners and pull partners that govern when replication will begin.

To configure replication partners for a WINS server

1.	In the WINS Server list of the Replication Partners dialog box, select the server you want to configure.

2.	Check either Push Partner or Pull Partner to indicate the replication option you want, and then choose the related Configure button. The Properties dialog box appears.

3.	Complete the entries in the appropriate Properties dialog box, as described in the following procedures.

To define pull partner properties

1.	In the Start Time box of the Pull Partner Properties dialog box, type a time to indicate when replication should begin.

You can use any separator for hours, minutes, and seconds. Any AM or PM designations will work, but only if these are part of your time setting, as defined using the International option in Control Panel.

2.	In the Replication Interval box, type a time in hours, minutes, and seconds to indicate how often replications will occur, or use the spin buttons to set the time you want.

If you want to return to the values specified in the Preferences dialog box, choose the Set Default Values button.

3.	Choose the OK button to return to the Replication Partners dialog box.

To define push partner properties

1.	In the Update Count box of the Push Partner Properties dialog box, type a number for how many additions and updates can be made to records in the database before the changes result in replication. (Replications that have been pulled in from partners do not count as insertions or updates in this context.) The minimum is 20.

If you want to return to the value specified in the Preferences dialog box, choose the Set Default Values button.

2.	Choose the OK button to return to the Replication Partners dialog box.


Triggering Replication Between Partners

You can replicate the database between the push partners or pull partners immediately, rather than waiting for the start time or replication interval specified in the Preference dialog box, as described in Setting Preferences for WINS Manager.

You will probably want to begin replication immediately after you make a series of changes such as entering a range of static address mappings.

To send a replication trigger

In the Replication Partners dialog box, select the WINS servers to which you want to send a replication trigger, and then choose the Push or Pull button, depending on whether you want to send the trigger to push partners or pull partners.

To send a replication trigger to the current server's push partner, choose the Push button.

Optionally, you can check the Push With Propagation box if you want the selected WINS server to propagate the trigger to all its pull partners.

If Push With Propagation is not checked, the selected WINS server will not propagate the trigger to its other partners.

If Push With Propagation is checked, the elected WINS server sends a push trigger to its pull partners after it has pulled in the latest information from the source WINS server. If it does not need to pull in any replicas because it has the same or more up-to-date replicas than the source WINS server, then it does not propagate the trigger to its pull partners.

To start replication immediately

In the Replication Partners dialog box, choose the Replicate Now button.

See Also

Setting Preferences for WINS Manager


Filtering the Range of Mappings

You may want to limit the range of IP addresses or computer names displayed in the Static Mappings dialog box or the Show Database dialog box.

You can specify a portion of the computer name or IP address or both when filtering the list of mappings.

To filter mappings by address or name

1.	In the dialog box for Static Mappings or Show Database, choose the Set Filter button. The Mappings Filter dialog box appears.

2.	Type portions of the computer name or the address or both in the Computer Name or IP Address boxes, plus asterisks for the unspecified portions of the name or address.

You can use the asterisk (*) wildcard for either the name or address. However, for the address, a wildcard can be used only for a complete octet. That is, you can type 11.101.*.*, but you cannot enter 11.1*.1.1

3.	Choose the OK button.

The selected range is displayed in the Static Mappings or Show Database dialog box. The filtered range will remain until you clear the filter.

A message will tell you if no mappings are found that match the range you specified, and the list of mappings will be empty.

If a filter is in effect for the range of mappings, the Clear Filter button is available for restoring the entire list.

To clear the filtered range of mappings

In the Static Mappings or Show Database dialog box, choose the Clear Filter button.

The list now shows all mappings found in the database.


Managing Static Mappings for WINS Servers

Static mappings are permanent lists of computername-to-address mappings that cannot be challenged or removed, except when the administrator removes the specific mapping. You use the Static Mappings command in WINS Manager to add, import, or delete static mappings for clients on the network that are not WINS enabled,

To view static mappings

1.	From the Mappings menu, choose the Static Mappings command. The Static Mappings dialog box appears.

Caution: You cannot cancel changes made to the WINS database while working in the Static Mappings dialog box. You must manually delete any entries that are added in error or manually add back any entries that you mistakenly delete. This is because all changes to the WINS database made in this dialog box take effect immediately.

2.	Select a Sort Order option, either by IP address or by computer name.

3.	To edit or add a mapping, follow the procedures described in Editing Static Mappings and Adding Static Mappings.

4.	To remove an existing static mapping, select the mapping from the list and choose the Delete Mapping button.

5.	To limit the range of mappings displayed in the list of static mappings, choose the Set Filter button and following the procedure in the topic Filtering the Range of Mappings. To turn off filtering, choose the Clear Filter button.

6.	When you finish viewing or changing the static mappings, choose the Done button.

See Also

Editing Static Mappings

Adding Static Mappings

Filtering the Range of Mappings


Editing Static Mappings

You can change the IP addresses in static mappings owned by the WINS server you are currently administering.

To edit a static mapping entry

1.	In the Static Mappings dialog box, select the mapping you want to change and choose the Edit Mapping button, or double-click the mapping entry in the list. The Edit Static Mappings dialog box appears.

You can view, but not edit, the Computer Name and Mapping Type option for the mapping in the Edit Static Mappings dialog box.

2.	In the IP Address box, type a new address for the selected computer, and then choose the OK button.

The change is made in the WINS database immediately. If the change you enter is not allowed for the database because that address is already in use, a message asks you to enter another address.

Note:

If you want to change the computer name or group type related to a specific IP address, you must delete the entry and redefine it in the Add Static Mappings dialog box.


Adding Static Mappings

You can add static mappings to the WINS database for specific IP addresses using two methods:

Adding Static Mappings by Typing Entries

Importing Entries for Static Mappings


Adding Static Mappings by Typing Entries

Important:

Because each static mapping is added to the database when you choose the Add button, you cannot cancel work in this dialog box. If you make a mistake in entering a name or address for a mapping, you must return to the Static Mappings dialog box and delete the mapping there.

To add static mappings to the WINS database by typing entries

1.	In the Static Mappings dialog box, choose the Add Mappings button. The Add Static Mappings dialog box appears.

2.	In the Computer Name box, type the computer name of the system for which you are adding a static mapping.

3.	In the IP Address box, type the address for the computer.

4.	Select a Type option to indicate whether this entry is a unique name or a kind of group, as described in the following list.

 Unique

 Group

 Internet group

 Multihomed

5.	If you specified an Internet group or Multihomed type, additional controls appear so that you can add multiple addresses to the list. Type an address and click the down-arrow button to add it to the list. Select an address in the list and click the up-arrow button to change its order in the list.

6.	Choose the Add button.

The mapping is immediately added to the database for that entry, and then the boxes are cleared so that you can add another entry.

7.	Repeat this process for each static mapping you want to add to the database, and then choose the Done button.

See Also

Using Type Options


Importing Entries for Static Mappings

You can also import entries for static mappings from any file that has the same format as the LMHOSTS file. Scope names and keywords other than #DOM are ignored.

To import a file containing static mapping entries

1.	In the Static Mappings dialog box, choose the Import Mappings button.

The Select Static Mapping File dialog box appears. This dialog box is similar to the standard Windows NT Open dialog box.

2.	Specify a filename for a static mappings file by typing its name in the box, or select one or more filenames in the list, and then choose the OK button to import the file.

Each specified file is read, and a static mapping is created for each computer name and address. If the #DOM key word is included for any record, a special group is created (if it is not already present), and the address is added to that group.

See Also

Viewing the WINS Database


Using Group Type Options
Using Type Options

WINS recognizes special names for normal groups, multihomed devices, and internet groups. This topic describes these special names and presents some background details to help you understand how WINS manages these groups.

Normal Group Names

A group name does not have an address associated with it. It can be valid on any subnet and can be registered with more than one WINS server. A group's expiration date shows the time it will expire. If the WINS server receives a query for the group name, it returns FFFFFFFF (the limited broadcast address). The client then broadcasts on the subnet. The group name is renewed when any member of the group renews the group name.

Multihomed Names

A multihomed name is a single, unique name storing multiple addresses. A multihomed device is a computer with multiple network cards bound to NetBIOS over TCP/IP. A multihomed device with multiple IP addresses can register one or more addresses by sending them in a special name registration packet. A multihomed name in a WINS database can have one or more addresses. The expiration date for the record reflects the time it will expire.

Each multihomed group name can contain a maximum of 25 IP addresses.

It is not recommend that the WINS service run on a computer with two or more network cards (mulithomed) on disjointed networks.

MS-DOS clients that query WINS may not be able to reach computers with multiple network cards that straddle disjoint nets because the MS-DOS clients always pick the first IP address supplied by the WINS server. If all the multihomed computer's addresses are not reachable from the MS-DOS client, the client may fail to connect to that computer because it may be using one of the unreachable addresses supplied by the WINS server.

You can configure a multihomed computer to register with different WINS servers for each adapter card. If the multihomed computer straddles two disjoint networks the computers on either side would use the WINS server on their network to resolve names and WINS would return only the IP address registered on the requesting clients network.

A larger problem arises if the multihomed computer is also running WINS since that computer always registers its names with the local WINS. Therefore, it is not possible for a multihomed computer running WINS to register with two different WINS servers, if its adapters are on disjoint networks.

Note:

A computer can have a maximum of 64 network cards. Any cards beyond 64 will be ignored.

Multihomed Computer Node Type

A computer can be one of four node types: broadcast node, mixed node, point-to-point node, or hybrid node. The node type cannot be specified by network adapter card. In some circumstances, it may be desirable to have one or more network adapter cards function as broadcast nodes and other network adapter cards to function as hybrids.

You accomplished this by setting the node type to broadcast node, and configuring WINS name server addresses for the network adapter cards that will function as hybrids. The presence of the WINS addresses will effectively override the broadcast node setting for the adapters on which they are set.

To make a node a Broadcast node configure DHCP to set the node type to Bnode, or in the absence of DHCP, a computer will assume Bnode behavior by default.

Internet Group Names

The internet group name is read as configuration data. When dynamic name registrations for internet groups are received, the actual address (rather than the subnet broadcast address) is stored in the group with an expiration date and the owner ID, which indicates the WINS server registering that address.

The internet group name is handled specially by WINS, which returns the 24 closest Windows NT Server computers in the domain, plus the domain controller. The name ending in 1C is also used to discover a Windows NT Server computer in a domain when a computer running Windows NT Workstation or Windows NT Server needs a server for pass-through authentication.

The internet group name (which has a 16th byte ending in 0x1C reserved for domain names, as described below) can contain a maximum of 25 IP addresses for primary or backup domain controllers in a domain. Dynamically registered names are added if the list is not static and has fewer than 25 members. If the list has 25 members, WINS removes a replica member (that is, a member registered by another WINS server) and adds the new member. If all members are owned by this WINS server, the oldest member is replaced by the new one.

WINS prefers members in an internet group name that registered with it. This preference means that the group name always contains the geographically closest Windows NT Server computers. To establish the preference of members of internet groups registered with other WINS servers under the \Partners\Pull key in the Registry, a precedence is assigned for each WINS partner as a value of MemberPrec. Preference should be given to WINS servers and clients that are near the WINS server you are configuring. For more information about the value of this parameter, see its entry in "Advanced Configuration Parameters for WINS" in Chapter 5 of the TCP/IP manual.

If your network still has domain controllers running Windows NT Advanced Server version 3.1 to be included in the internet group name, you must add these to the group manually using WINS Manager. When you manually add such a computer to the internet group name, the list becomes static and no longer accepts dynamic updates from WINS-enabled computers.

For information about related issues in LMHOSTS for #DOM entries, see "Designating Domain Controllers Using #DOM" in Chapter 6 of the TCP/IP manual.

How WINS Handles Special Names

Special names are indicated by a 16th byte appended to the computer name or domain name. The following shows some special names that can be defined for static entries in the Add Static Mappings dialog box.

0x1e	A normal group.

Browsers broadcast to this name and listen on it to elect a master browser. There is one master browser on a subnet. The broadcast is done on the local subnet and should not cross routers. WINS always returns the limited broadcast address (FFFFFFFF).

0x1d	Clients resolve this name to access the master browser for server lists.

WINS always returns a negative response. If possible, the client then broadcasts a name query to resolve the name. For registrations, WINS returns a positive response even though the names are not put into the database.

0x1C	The internet group name.

This name contains a list of the specific addresses of systems that have registered the name. The domain controller registers this name. WINS treats this as an internet group, where each member of the group must renew its name individually or be released. This is limited to 25 names. (However, there is no limit to the number of #DOM entries allowed in LMHOSTS.)

WINS returns a positive response for a dynamic registration of a static 1C name, but the address is not added to the list. When a static 1C name is replicated that clashes with a dynamic 1C name on another WINS server, a union of the members is added, and the record is marked as static. If the record is static, members of the group do not have to renew their IP addresses.


Scavenging the Database

Like any database, the WINS database of address mappings needs to be cleaned and backed up periodically to be cleared of released entries and old entries that were registered at another WINS server but did not get removed from this database for some reason. This process, called scavenging, is done automatically over intervals defined by the relationship between the Renewal and Extinction intervals defined in the Configuration dialog box. This topic describes how to scavenge (clean, view, and back up the database).

WINS Manager provides the tools you need for maintaining the database. For example, if you want to verify old replicas immediately instead of waiting the time interval specified for verification, you can manually scavenge the database.

To scavenge the WINS database

From the Mappings menu, choose the Initiate Scavenging command.

The database is cleaned, with the results as shown in the following table. In this table, "owned" indicates records that are owned by the current WINS server.

State before scavenging	State after scavenging
Owned active names for which the Renewal Interval has expired	Marked released
Owned released name for which the Extinction Interval has expired	Marked extinct
Owned extinct names for which the Extinction Timeout has expired	Deleted
Replicas of extinct names for which the Extinction Timeout has expired	Deleted
Replicas of active names for which the Verify Interval has expired	Revalidated
Replicas of extinct or deleted names	Deleted
The following files are stored in the \systemroot\SYSTEM32\WINS directory that is created when you set up a WINS server:

JET.LOG is log of all transactions done with the database. This file is used by WINS to recover data if necessary.

SYSTEM.MDB is used by WINS for holding information about the structure of its database.

WINS.MDB is the WINS database file.

WINSTMP.MDB is a temporary file that WINS creates. This file may remain in the \WINS directory after a crash.

You should back up these files when you back up other files on the WINS server. After WINS has been running for a while, the database might need to be compacted to improve WINS performance. You should compact the WINS database whenever it approaches 30 MB.

To compact the WINS database

1.	At the WINS server, stop the Windows Internet Name Service using the Control Panel Services option or by typing net stop wins at the command prompt.

2.	Run the JETPACK.EXE program (which is found in the \systemroot\SYSTEM32 directory).

3.	Restart the Windows Internet Name Service on the WINS server.

Caution:

The JET.LOG, SYSTEM.MDB, WINS.MDB, and WINSTMP.MDB files should not be removed or tampered with in any other manner.

See Also

Configuring WINS Servers


Backing Up and Restoring the Database

The WINS Manager provides backup tools so that you can back up and restore the WINS database. After you specify a backup directory for the database, WINS performs complete database backups every 3 hours, using the specified directory.

To back up a WINS database

1.	From the Mappings menu, choose Backup Database command. The Backup dialog box appears.

2.	Specify the location for saving the backup files, and then choose the OK button.

Do not specify a network drive as the backup location.

To restore a WINS database

1.	From the Mappings menu, choose the Restore Database command. The Restore dialog box appears.

2.	In the Restore dialog box, select the location where the backup files are stored, and then choose the OK button.

In case of database corruption, the WINS database can be restored from the backup. Regardless of whether the WINS database is restored, use WINS Manager to do the following before invoking WINS after such a corruption:

In the Show Database dialog box, check the highest version number of records owned by this WINS server in the database of its present and past partners. That is, check all WINS servers to which the records may have been replicated. If a WINS server is currently down, you will need to start it to check its database for the version number information.

In the WINS Server Configuration dialog box, set a value for Starting Version Count that is higher than the highest version number on the other WINS servers. This number will not be accepted by WINS if it is set to more than 2^31. Also note that WINS may adjust the value you specify to a higher one to ensure that database records are replicated to other WINS servers quickly. Typically, the adjustment will be an increment in the range 0 to 500.


Viewing the WINS Database

You can view the actual active and static mappings stored in the WINS database, based on the WINS server that owns the entries.

To view the entire WINS database at a specific server

1.	From the Mappings menu, choose the Show Database command. The Show Database dialog box appears.

2.	Select Show Only Mappings From Specific Owner, and then from the Select Owner list, select the WINS server whose database you want to view.

By default, the Show Database dialog box shows all mappings for the WINS database on the currently selected WINS server.

3.	Select a Sort Order option to sort by IP address, computer name, version ID, type, or expiration date for the mapping.

4.	Use the scroll bars in the Mappings box to view entries in the database. Then choose the Done button when you are finished viewing.

To view a specified range of mappings within the WINS database

1.	Choose the Set Filter button and follow the procedures described in Filtering the Range of Mappings.

2.	To turn off filtering, choose the Clear Filter button.

As shown in the Mappings list, each registration record in the WINS database includes the following elements:

 = Unique

 = Group, internet group, or multihomed

Computer name = The NetBIOS computer name.

IP address = The assigned Internet Protocol address.

A or S = Whether the mapping is active or static.

Expiration Date = Shows the time when the record will expire.

Version ID = A unique hexadecimal number assigned by the WINS server during name registration, which is used by the server's pull partner during replication to find new records.

You can also use the Show Database dialog box to remove all references to a specific WINS server in the database, including all database entries owned by the WINS server.

To delete a specific WINS server's entries in the database

In the Show Database dialog box, select a WINS server in the Select Owner list, and then choose the Delete Owner button.

See Also

Filtering the Range of Mappings

Adding Static Mappings


Setting Preferences for WINS Administrator
Setting Preferences for WINS Manager

You can configure several options for administration of WINS servers. The commands for controlling preferences are on the Options menu.

To display the status bar for help on commands

From the Options menu, choose the Status Bar command.

When this command is active, its name is checked on the menu, and the status bar at the bottom of the WINS Manager window displays descriptions of commands as they are highlighted in the menu bar.

To set preferences for the WINS Manager

1.	From the Options menu, choose the Preferences command.

2.	To see all the available preferences, choose the Partners button.

3.	Select an Address Display option to indicate how you want address information to be displayed throughout WINS Manager -- as computer name, IP address, or an ordered combination of both.

Remember that the Address Display option you select determines how a connection is made to the WINS server. For IP addresses, the connection is made via TCP/IP; for computer names, the connection is made via named pipes.

4.	Check Auto Refresh if you want the statistics in the WINS Manager window to be refreshed automatically. Then type a number in the Interval box to specify the number of seconds between refresh actions.

WINS Manager also refreshes the statistical display automatically each time an action is initiated while you are working in WINS Manager.

5.	Check the LAN Manager-Compatible check box if you want computer names to adhere to the LAN Manager naming convention.

LAN Manager computernames are limited to 15 characters, as opposed to 16-character NetBIOS names used by other sources. In LAN Manager names, the 16th byte is used to indicate whether the device is a server, workstation, messenger, and so on. When this option is checked, WINS adds and imports static mappings with 0, 0x03, and 0x20 as the 16th byte.

Windows NT follows the LAN Manager convention, so this box should be checked unless your network accepts NetBIOS names from other sources.

6.	Check Validate Cache Of Known WINS Servers At Startup Time if you want the system to query the list of servers for available servers each time the system starts.

7.	If you want a warning message to appear each time you delete a static mapping or the cached name of a WINS server, check the Confirm Deletion Of Static Mappings And Cached WINS Servers option.

8.	In the Start Time box, type a time to specify the default for replication start time for new pull partners. Then specify values for the Replication Interval to indicate how often data replicas will be exchanged between the partners.

The minimum value for the Replication Interval is 5 hours.

9.	In the Update Count box, type the number of registrations and changes that can occur locally before a replication trigger is sent by this server when it is a push partner. The minimum value is 20.

10. When all options are set for your preferences, choose the OK button.


Detailed Information

The Detailed Information dialog box appears when you choose the Detailed Information command from the Server menu.

Choose one of the following buttons for more information about the dialog box.

 WINS Server Address

 Last Scavenging Times

 Unique Registrations

 Group Registrations

For descriptions of the related intervals, see Configuring WINS Servers.


Last Scavenging Times

The last times that the database was cleaned for specific types of entries.

Periodic: Indicates when the database was cleaned based on the renewal interval specified in the WINS Server Configuration dialog box.

Admin Trigger: Indicates when the database was last cleaned because the administrator chose the Initiate Scavenging command.

Extinction: Indicates when the database was last cleaned based on the Extinction interval specified in the WINS Server Configuration dialog box.

Verification: Indicates when the database was last cleaned based on the Verify interval specified in the WINS Server Configuration dialog box.

See Also

Scavenging the Database


Unique Registrations

The number of name registration requests that have been accepted by this WINS server.

Unique Conflicts: The number of conflicts encountered during registration of unique names owned by this WINS server.

Unique Renewals: The number of renewals received for unique names.


Group Registrations

The number of registration requests for groups that have been accepted by this WINS server.

Group Conflicts: The number of conflicts encountered during registration of group names.

Group Renewals: The number of renewals received for group names.

For information about groups, see Using Type Options.


WINS Server Address

Specifies options that describe the values for identifying this particular server.

Computer Name: the name that identifies this computer on the Windows network.

IP address: the unique four-octet address assigned to this computer.

Connected Via: Shows the network protocol for the connection.

Connected Since: Shows how long this computer has been online.

Last Address Change: Indicates the time at which the last WINS database change was replicated.


WINS Server Configuration

The WINS Server Configuration dialog box appears when you choose the Configuration command from the Server menu. Use this dialog box to specify options that define intervals for managing the database and relationships with replication partners.

Choose one of the following buttons for more information about the dialog box.

 Advanced Button

 Renewal Interval

 Extinction Interval

 Extinction Timeout

 Verify Interval

 Pull Parameters

 Push Parameters

 Logging Enabled

 Log Detailed Events

 Replicate Only with Partners

 Backup On Termination

 Migrate On/Off

 Starting Version Count

 Database Backup Path

See Also

Configuring WINS Servers


Advanced button

Choose the Advanced button to display additional items for advanced WINS server configuration.


Logging Enabled

Specifies whether to log database changes in the JET.LOG file.


Log Detailed Events

Specifies whether logging of events is verbose. (This requires considerable system resources and should be turned off if you are tuning for performance.)


Replicate Only With Partners

Specifies that replication will be done only with WINS pull or push partners. If this option is not checked, an administrator can ask a WINS server to pull or push from or to a non-listed WINS server partner.


Backup On Termination

Specifies that the database will be backed up automatically when the WINS Service is stopped, except when the system is being shut down.


Migrate On/Off

Specifies that static unique and multihomed records in the database are treated as dynamic when they conflict with a new registration or replica. This means that if they are not longer valid, they will be overwritten by the new registration or replica. Check this option if you are upgrading non-Windows NT systems to Windows NT. By default, this option is not checked.


Starting Version Count

Specifies the highest version ID number for the database. Change this value to a higher value if the database becomes corrupted and needs to start fresh. In such a case, set this value to a number that is higher than the version number counter that appears for replications of this WINS server's records on all its remote partners. WINS may adjust the value you specify to a higher one to ensure that database records are quickly replicated to other WINS Servers. The maximum allowable value is 231 - 1. This value can be seen in the View Database dialog box in WINS Manager.


Renewal Interval

Specifies how often a client reregisters its name.

The default renewal interval for records in the WINS database is 4 days. WINS clients will register and refresh every 2 days. This setting will reduce network traffic and allow WINS to service many more nodes than before.


Extinction Interval

Specifies the interval between when an entry is marked as released and when it is marked as extinct. The default is dependent on the renewal interval and, if the WINS server has replication partners, on the maximum replication time interval. The maximum allowable value is four days.


Extinction Timeout

Specifies the interval between when an entry is marked extinct and when the entry is finally scavenged from the database. The default is dependent on the renewal interval and, if the WINS server has replication partners, on the maximum replication time interval.


Verify Interval

Specifies the interval after which the WINS server must verify that old names that it does not own are still active. The default is dependent on the extinction interval. The maximum allowable value is 24 days.


Pull Parameters

Governs how this server pulls replicas from its partners.

Select the Initial Replication checkbox to specify whether this WINS server pulls replicas from known partners whenever the system is initialized or whenever a replication-related parameter is changed. For example, this could be when a partner is added or deleted or a parameter specific to a partner is changed.

Type a number in the Retry Count box to specify the number of times the server should attempt to connect (in case of failure) with a partner for pulling replicas. Retries are attempted according to the value for the replication interval specified in the Preferences dialog box. After the specified number of retries, the server stops for a while before retrying again. The interval for this time is about 3 times the Replication Time interval.


Push Parameters

Governs how this server pushes replicas from its partners.

Select the Initial Replication checkbox to specify that this server will inform pull partners of the database status when the system is initialized.

Select the Replicate On Address Change checkbox to specify that this server will inform pull partners of the database status when an address changes in a mapping record.


Database Backup Path

Specifies the path to the directory where the backup copies of the database are to be stored. If you specify a backup path, WINS automatically performs a full backup of its database to this directory every 24 hours.

Type the path to the backup directory, or use the Browse button to find it.

Do not specify a network drive as the backup location.

WINS uses this directory to perform an automatic restoration of the database in the event that the database is found to be corrupted when WINS is started.


Replication Partners

The Replication Partners dialog box appears when you choose the Replication Partners command from the Server menu.

Choose one of the following buttons for more information about the dialog box.

 WINS Server

 WINS Servers to List

 Replication Options

 Send Replication Trigger Now

 Add Button

 Delete Button

 Replicate Now Button

See Also

Adding a Replication Partner for a WINS Server

Configuring Replication Partner Properties

Triggering Replication Between Partners


WINS Server

Identifies a list of WINS servers that are replication partners with the server identified in the title bar.

Check marks identify whether the server in the list is a push partner or a pull partner. A server can be both a push partner and a pull partner, or neither.


Replication Options

Specifies replication options for the selected server.

Select either the Push Partner or Pull Partner option to specify for selected server what kind of replication partner it is.

Choose the Configure Button to display either the Push Partner Configuration dialog box or Pull Partner Configuration dialog box.


Send Replication Trigger

Specifies options that cause "start replication" information to be sent to replication partners.

Choose the Push or Pull button to send the replication trigger as specified in the Push (or Pull) Partner Configuration dialog box to the replication partners.

Optionally, you can check the Push With Propagation box if you want the selected WINS server to propagate the trigger to all its pull partners.

If Push With Propagation is not checked, the selected WINS server will not propagate the trigger to its other partners.

If Push With Propagation is checked, the elected WINS server propagates a propagate push trigger to its pull partners after it has pulled in the latest information from the source WINS server. If it does not need to pull in any replicas, then it does not propagate the trigger.


Add Button

Choose the Add button to display an Add dialog box for selecting a WINS server to add to the list.


Delete Button

Choose the Delete button to remove a selected WINS server from the list of replication partners.


WINS Servers to List

If you want to view only push partners or pull partners, or WINS servers that are neither push partners nor pull partners, check or clear the options as follows:

Check Push Partners to display push partners for the current WINS server.

Check Pull Partners to display pull partners for the current WINS server.

Check Other to display the WINS servers that are neither push partners nor pull partners for the current WINS server.


Replicate Now Button

Starts database replication immediately.


Add WINS Server

Use the Add WINS Server dialog box to specify the NetBIOS computer name or the IP address of the WINS server that you want to select.

This dialog box is displayed when you choose the Add WINS Server command from the Server menu or when you choose the Add button in the Replication Partners dialog box.

In the WINS Server box, specify either the computer name or IP address of the WINS server that you want to add to the list of replication partners.

If you type a computer name, you do not have to include the double backslashes (\\). WINS Manager will add these for you.

After you choose OK, WINS Manager will make sure it can find this computer before adding it to the WINS Server list.

See Also

Administering WINS Servers

Connecting to a WINS Server


Pull Partner Properties

The Pull Partner Properties dialog box appears when you choose the Configure button by the Pull Partner option in the Replication Partners dialog box.

Choose one of the following buttons for more information about the dialog box.

 Pull Partner

 Start Time

 Replication Interval

 Set Default Values Button

See Also

Adding a Replication Partner for a WINS Server

Configuring Replication Partner Properties

Triggering Replication Between Partners


Pull Partner

Identifies the WINS server for which these parameters are defined.


Start Time

In the Start Time box, specify a time to indicate when replication should begin.


Replication Interval

In the Replication Interval box, specify a time to indicate how often replications will occur.


Set Default Values Button

Choose the Set Default Values button to return values to those specified in the Preferences dialog box.


Push Partner Properties

The Push Partner Properties dialog box appears when you choose the Configure button by the Push Partner option in the Replication Partners dialog box.

Choose one of the following buttons for more information about the dialog box.

 Push Partner

 Update Count

 Set Default Values Button

See Also

Adding a Replication Partner for a WINS Server

Configuring Replication Partner Properties

Triggering Replication Between Partners


Push Partner

Identifies the WINS server for which these parameters are defined.


Update Count

Specify a number for how many updates are made to locally owned records in the database before partners are informed of changes.


Set Filter

The Set Filter dialog box appears when you choose the Set Filter button in the dialog box for Static Mappings or Show Database. You can narrow the range of addresses displayed in the originating dialog box.

In the Computer Name box, specify a portion of the computer name to be filtered, plus asterisks for the unspecified portions of the name. For example, acct*

In the IP Address box, specify a portion of the address to be filtered, plus asterisks for the unspecified portions of the address. For example, 11.101.*.*


Static Mappings

The Static Mappings dialog box appears when you choose the Static Mappings command from the Mappings menu.

Choose one of the following buttons for more information about the dialog box.

 Filter

 Set Filter Button

 Clear Filter Button

 Add Mappings Button

 Import Mappings Button

 Edit Mapping Button

 Delete Mapping Button

 Sort Order


Sort Order

Specifies how mappings are sorted.

Choose the Sort Static Mappings By IP Address option to specify that mappings will be sorted by address.

Choose the Sort Static Mappings By Computer Name option to specify that mappings will be sorted by NetBIOS computer name.


Filter

Shows the current filter set for the list of static mappings.


Edit Mapping Button

Choose the Edit Mapping button to display the Edit Static Mapping dialog box for changing the name or address for a selected mapping in the list.


Delete Mapping Button

Choose the Delete Mapping button to delete the selected mappings in the list. More than one mapping can be selected in the list.


Set Filter Button

Choose the Set Filter button to display the Set Filter dialog box for specifying a range of mappings to filter out.


Clear Filter Button

Choose the Clear Filter button to turn off the range of filters specified with the Set Filter button.


Add Mappings Button

Choose the Add Mappings button to display the Add Mappings dialog box for adding static mappings to the WINS database.


Import Mappings Button

Choose the Import Mappings button to display the Select Static Mapping File dialog box. Use this option to import entries for static mappings from any file that has the same format as the LMHOSTS file.


Edit Static Mapping

The Edit Static Mappings dialog box appears when you choose the Edit Mappings button in the dialog box for Static Mappings.

Choose one of the following buttons for more information about the dialog box.

 Computer Name

 Mapping Type

 IP Address

See Also

Editing Static Mappings


Computer Name

Identifies the NetBIOS computer name. You cannot edit this value.


Mapping Type

Identifies the mapping type as follows:

Unique

Group (normal group, internet group, or multihomed)

You cannot edit this value. See Using Type Options.


IP Address

In the IP Address box, specify the static address to be assigned to this name.


Add Static Mappings

The Add Static Mappings dialog box appears when you choose the Add Mappings button in the Static Mappings dialog box. The Close button will close the dialog box, accepting all changes.

Choose one of the following buttons for more information about the dialog box.

 Name

 IP Address

 Unique

 Group

 Internet group

 Multihomed

 Add Button

See Also

Using Type Options

Adding Static Mappings


Name

In the Name box, specify the computer name of the system for which you are adding a static mapping.


IP Address

In the IP Address box, specify the address for the computer.


Unique

Select this option to specify a unique name in the database, with one address per name.


Group

Select this option to specify a normal group, where addresses of individual members are not stored. The client broadcasts name packets to normal groups.


Internet Group

Select this option to specify a group with NetBIOS names that have 0x1C as the 16th bytes. An internet group stores up to 25 addresses for members. For registrations after the 25th address, WINS overwrites a replica address or, if none is present, it overwrites the oldest registration.

If you choose this option, additional controls appear so that you can add multiple addresses to the list. Type an address and click the down-arrow button to add it to the list. Select an address in the list and click the up-arrow button to change its order in the list.


Multihomed

Select this option to specify a unique name that can have more than one address (multihomed computers). The maximum number of addresses is 25. For registrations after the 25th address, WINS overwrites a replica address or, if none is present, it overwrites the oldest registration.

If you choose this option, additional controls appear so that you can add multiple addresses to the list. Type an address and click the down-arrow button to add it to the list. Select an address in the list and click the up-arrow button to change its order in the list.


Add Button

Choose the Add button to immediately add the entry to the database and then clear the boxes so you can add another entry.


Select Static Mapping File

The Select Static Mapping File dialog box appears when you choose the Import Mappings button in the Static Mappings dialog box. Use the Select Static Mapping File dialog box to specify the path to a file that you would like to open.

Choose one of the following buttons for more information about the dialog box.

 File Name

 List Files of Type

 Directories

 Drives

 Network Button


File Name

Displays the default file specification and a list of the files in the current directory.

Type the name of the file you want to open, or select one from the list.


List Files of Type

Lists the available file formats.

Open the list box to select different formats.


Directories

Lists the current directory and any subdirectories.

Double-click on different directories to change your path.


Drives

Lists the available drives.

Open the list box to select a different drive.


Network Button

Displays a Connect Network Drive dialog box so that you can connect to and browse a network drive. This dialog box is the same as the Connect Network Drive dialog box in File Manager.


Initiate Scavenging

Begins the process of cleaning the database.

For details, see Scavenging the Database.


Select Backup or Restore Directory

These dialog boxes appear when you choose the Backup Database or Restore Database command from the Mappings menu. After you specify a backup directory for the database, WINS performs complete database backups every 3 hours, using the specified directory.

Choose one of the following buttons for more information about the dialog box.

 Directories

 Drives

 Network Button


Show Database

The Show Database dialog box appears when you choose the Show Database command from the Mappings menu.

Choose one of the following buttons for more information about the dialog box.

 Owner

 Select Owner and Highest ID

 Sort Order

 Filter

 Mappings List

 Set Filter Button

 Refresh Button

 Delete Owner Button

See Also

Viewing the WINS Database


Refresh Button

Updates the WINS database display.

Choose this button to update the display in the Mappings list.


Delete Owner Button

Removes all references to the selected WINS server in the database, including all database entries owned by the WINS server.

In the Select Owner list, select the WINS server that you want to delete. Then choose the Delete Owner button.


Owner

Specifies whether all entries in the database are displayed or only entries that originated from a specific WINS server.

Select Show All Mappings to display all mappings in the database.

Select Show Only Mappings From Specific Owner if you only want to see the entries that originated from a certain WINS server. If you select this option, you must also select a WINS server in the Select Owner list.


Select Owner

This option lists all the WINS servers known by the current WINS server.

Select the WINS server from the list that owns the mappings that you want to view.

The Highest ID value shows the highest version number of records owned by this WINS server in the database of its replication partners.


Sort Order

Specifies the option for sorting the list of mappings.

Select Sort by IP Address to specify that the list of mappings will be sorted in address order.

Select Sort by Computer Name to specify that the list of mappings will be sorted alphabetically by computer name.

Select Sort by Expiration Date to specify that the list of mappings will be sorted according to the time they will expire in the database.

Sort by Version ID to specify that the list of mappings will be sorted by the version ID number, with the highest version ID appearing first in the list. Use this option when you need to find the highest version number after a server failure.

Select Sort by Type to specify that the list of mappings will be sorted by type, as described in Using Type Options.


Filter

Shows the current filter set using the Set Filter button.


Mappings List

The Mappings list box shows a list of registration records in the WINS database.

 indicates the mapping is a Group, Internet Group, or MUL=Multihomed.

A   /  S:  Shows whether the mapping is Active or Static.

Expiration Date:  Shows the time when the record will expire.

Version:  Shows a unique number assigned by the WINS server during name registration, which is used by the server's pull partner during replication to find new records.

See Also

Using Type Options


Set Filter Button

Specifies a range of mappings to filter out.

Choose the Set Filter button to display the Set Filter dialog box, and specify the range to filter.


Clear Filter Button

Choose the Clear Filter button to turn off the range of filters specified with the Set Filter button.


Preferences

The Preferences dialog box appears when you choose the Preferences command from the Options menu.

Choose one of the following buttons for more information about the dialog box.

 Partners Button

 Address Display

 Server Statistics

 Computer Names

 Miscellaneous

 New Pull Partner Default Configuration

 New Push Partner Default Configuration

See Also

Setting Preferences for WINS Manager


Partners Button

Choose the Partners Button to display additional options for configuring default configuration for new replication partners.


New Pull Partner Default Configuration

Specifies default values for configuring new pull partners for this WINS server.

In the Start Time box, specify when the pull partner default configuration will begin.

In the Replication Interval boxes, specify a number to indicate how often data replicas will be exchanged between the partners.


New Push Partner Default Configuration

Specifies default value for configuring new push partners for this WINS server.

In the Update Count box, specify a number to indicate how many registrations and changes can occur locally before a replication trigger is sent by this server as a push partner.


Address Display

Specifies the method to be used for address information displayed throughout WINS Manager.

Computer Name Only:  Specifies that mapping information will display only the computer name.

IP address:  Specifies that mapping information will display only the address.

Computer Name, IP Address:  Specifies that mapping information will display the computer name first, with the address to the right of the name.

IP Address, Computer Name:  Specifies that mapping information will display the address first, with the computer name to the right of the address.


Server Statistics

Specifies how you want to update the display of statistics in the WINS Manager window.

Choose the Auto Refresh option to specify whether the statistics in the WINS Manager window are refreshed automatically.

In the Interval (Secs.) box, specify the number of seconds between automatic screen refreshes in the WINS Manager window.


Computer Names

Specifies whether computer names will adhere to the LAN Manager naming convention, where computer names are limited to 15 characters, as opposed to 16-character NetBIOS names used by other sources. In LAN Manager names, the 16th byte is used to indicate whether the device is a workstation, messenger, and so on.

Choose the LAN Manager Compatible option if you want to use this convention.

Windows NT follows the LAN Manager convention, so this box should be checked unless your network accepts NetBIOS names from other sources.


Miscellaneous

Choose the Validate Cache Of Known WINS Servers At Startup Time option to specify whether the system queries the list of servers for available servers each time the system starts.

Choose the Confirm Deletion of Static Mappings And Cached WINS Servers option to specify whether a warning message appears each time a static mapping or a cached WINS server is deleted.


Validate WINS Server

WINS Manager cannot find the server you specified.

Use this dialog box to specify the IP address when the WINS server cannot be found based on its NetBIOS name, or conversely, to specify the NetBIOS name when it cannot be found based on its IP address.


Edit Addresses by Hex

Use the Edit Addresses By Hex dialog box to edit IP addresses as hexadecimal values.


Import Static Mappings

Use the Import Static Mappings dialog box to import entries for static mappings for unique and special group names from any file that has the same format as the LMHOSTS file. This dialog box appears when you choose the Import Mappings button in the Static Mappings dialog box.

Specify a filename for a static mappings file by typing its name in the box, or select one or more filenames in the list, and then choose the OK button to import the file.

Each specified file is read, and a static mapping is created for each computer name and address. If the #DOM key word is included for any record, a special group is created (if it is not already present), and the address is added to that group.

Note that you can only add a normal group or multihomed names by using the Add Static Mappings dialog box.